Faiz Ahmad Faiz

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Faiz Ahmad Faiz MBE, NI (13 February 1911 – 20 November 1984), was a Urdu Marxist, poet, and author.

He was one of the Urdu language's most popular writers, and both Pakistan and India respect him. Faiz was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and received the Lenin Peace Prize in Punjab, British India, and went on to study at Government College and Oriental College among other awards.

He went on to serve in the British Indian Army and was honoured with the British Empire Medal.

Faiz became the editor of The Pakistan Times and a top Communist Party figure before being arrested in 1951 as a leader of the Liaquat government and replacing it with a left-wing government.

Faiz, an avowed Marxist, received the Lenin Peace Prize by the Soviet Union in 1962, and he was a member of the West African Union.

His work is still popular in Pakistani literature and arts.

When the Pakistan Government conferred the country's highest civil award, Nishan-e-Imtiaz, on Faiz's literary work in 1990, he was posthumously lauded.

Personal life

Faiz Ahmad Faiz was born in Kala Qader, Punjab, British India, on February 13, 1911 (present-day Faiz Nagar). Faiz came from an academic family that was well-known in literary circles. His home was often the site of a local poet and writer group that met to promote the literacy movement in his native province. Sultan Muhammad Khan was a soldier in the British government and an autodidact who penned and published Amir Abdur Rahman's biography, an Emir of Imperial Afghanistan.

His family invited him to study Islamic studies at the local Mosque in order to be introduced to the fundamentals of religious studies by Maulana Hafiz Muhammad Mir Sialkoti, an Ahl-i Hadi scholar. He learned Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Quranic scripts, according to Muslim tradition. Faiz was also a Pakistani nationalist, and he often said, "Purify your hearts so you can save the country." His father later kicked him out of Islamic school because Faiz, a student in Madrassa, found that the impoverished children there were not used to having him around and mocking him as much as he tried to make them feel at ease. Faiz arrived in the Madrassa in neat clothes, in a horse-drawn carriage, but the school's students were from a very poor background and used to sit on the floor on straw mats. His father was then accepted into the Scotch Mission School, which was run and operated by a local British family. He began attending Murray College in Sialkot for intermediate study after matriculation. Faiz was enrolled in the Department of Languages and Fine Arts of the Government College in Lahore, 1926. While there, Shams-ul-Ulema, Professor Mir Hassan, who supervised [Arabic] and Professor Pitras Bukhari, were both greatly influenced by him. Professor Hasan had previously trained Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, a well-known scholar, poet, and politician in South Asia. Faiz obtained his BA with Honors in Arabic language under the tute of Professor Mir Hassan in 1926. Faiz entered the GC's postgraduate program in 1930, receiving a MA in English literature in 1932. Faiz completed his postgraduate course at Punjab University's Oriental College in the 1st Division, where he obtained his master's degree in Arabic in 1932. He met M. N. Roy and Muzaffar Ahmed, who influenced him to become a member of the Communist Party in college.

Faiz, a British national and a member of the United Kingdom's Communist Party, became close to Alys Faiz, a writer who was a student at the Government College University, where Faiz taught poetry in 1941. The marriage ceremony took place in Srinagar, but a nikah function was held in Pari Mahal. M.A. He and his spouse remained in the Government College for Women building, which is now called Government College for Women. Road map. M D Taseer, Faiz's host who was a college principal at the time, later married Christobel, Alys' sister. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq, Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq, and Sheikh Abdullah were among others in attendance at Faiz's nikkah function. Although Alys converted to Pakistan, she was still a vital participant of Pakistan's Communist Party in Rawalpindi Conspiracy, which was instrumental in bringing the communist mass together. Salima and Muneeza Hashmi's mother and father were both pregnant together.

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Career

Faiz was a student at Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in Amritsar in 1935 and served as a lecturer in English and British literature. Faiz returned to Lahore, Texas, to reunite with his family after accepting the professorship at the Hailey College of Commerce, where he began teaching introductory courses on economics and commerce in 1937. Faiz joined a literary movement in 1936 (PWM) and was appointed as the first secretary by his fellow Marxist Sajjad Zaheer. The movement in East and West-Pakistan has received a great deal of faith in civil society. He became editor-in-chief of the monthly Urdu newspaper "Adab-e-Latif" in 1938 (lit. Belles Letters (also known as Belles Letters) were published in 1946. Faiz' first literary book, "Naqsh-e-Faryadi," was published in 1941 (lit. Imprints (prints) and joined the Pakistan Arts Council (PAC) in 1947.

Faiz was a good friend of Soviet poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko, who once wrote, "In Faiz' autobiography, is his poetry; the rest is just a footnote." Faiz wrote eight books and received accolades for his work during his lifetime. Faiz, a lyrical poet whose fame extended to neighboring India and the Soviet Union, was a humanist. Amaresh Datta, an Indian biographer, compared Faiz to "equal esteem in both East and West." Faiz himself never compromised on his principles during his lifetime, despite being threatened by Pakistan's right-wing parties. Faiz's writings are in a more recent verse style in Urdu poetry based on Western models. Faiz was influenced by Allama Iqbal and Mirza Ghalib's work, assimilating the modern Urdu with the classical. Faiz continued to urge the growth of socialism in the country, with socialism as the only solution to the country's challenges. Faiz was concerned with more radical socialist ideas during his lifetime, and Urdu poetry was used to inspire and promote socialism in the region. Faiz was encouraged by Urdu poetry and Ghazals to continue his political views as nonviolent and peaceful, criticizing Pakistan's far right politics.

Faiz was recruited as a second lieutenant in the 18th Royal Garhwal Rifles on May 11, 1942. Faiz was first promoted to acting captain in succession on 18 July 1942, war-substantive lieutenant and temporary captain on 19 February 1944, on the 19th of March 1944. He was given a desk job as an assistant director of public relations on the North-Western Army's staff, with the local rank of lieutenant-colonel. In the 1945 New Year Honours list, he was named a Member of the Order of the British Empire, Military Division (MBE). Faiz served with Akbar Khan, a left-wing officer and a potential Pakistan Army general, while others were under his command. He remained in the army for a brief period after the war, being promoted to acting lieutenant-colonel in 1945 and to war-substantive major and temporary lieutenant-colonel on 19 February 1946. Faiz, a 1947 graduate of the University of Pakistan, opted for the newly founded State of Pakistan. Faiz resigned in 1947 after being witness to the 1947 Kashmir war with India, but after seeing the 1947 Kashmir war, Faiz decided to leave the army and resign in 1947.

Faiz grew up in Internationalism and emphasized the emphasis on Global Village. Faiz became the editor of the Pakistan Times in 1947, and in 1948, he became vice president of the Pakistan Trade Union Federation (PTUF). Faiz, who was first leading a business delegation in the United States, attended the meeting at the International Labour Organization (ILO) in San Francisco in 1950. Faiz led the PTUF's delegation in Geneva from 1948 to 1950, and he became an active member of the World Peace Council.

Faiz, a well-known communist in Pakistan, had been closely associated with the Pakistani Communist Party, which he founded in 1947 alongside Marxist Sajjad Zaheer and Jalaludin Abdur Rahim. Faiz was exposed to socialism and communism before the independence of Pakistan's independence, which he believed was consistent with his liberal thinking. Faiz had long associated with the Soviet Union, a friendship with an impoverished country that later praised him with a high award. Even after his death, the Russian government honoured him by naming him "our poet" to many Russians. However, his fame in Bangladesh had waned after 1971, when Dhaka did not receive much attention for him. Despite their academic brilliance, Faiz and other pro-communists had no political role in the country.

Despite Faiz's being not a hardcore or far-left communist, he spent the bulk of the 1950s and 1960s supporting the cause of communism in Pakistan. During the period when Faiz was editor of the Pakistan Times, one of the country's top newspapers of the 1950s, he lent editorial assistance to the group. He was also interested in the circle of military personnel (e.g., a pilot). (British General Akbar Khan is the tyrant who was regarded as the world's best-known general. His deposition was delayed due to his political affiliations and Major General Akbar Khan's coup attempt.

Faiz was asked by the interviewer if he were a communist later in his life, during an interview with the local newspaper. He answered with a nonchalant smile: "No." I am not a communist. I am not. A communist is a person who is a card-carrying member of the Communist Party has never made a claim. In our region, the party is banned. So, how can I be a communist? "I think we should live in this world."

In 1948, including Jinnah, the Liaquat Ali Khan's government's inability to capture Indian-administered Kashmir had angered the Pakistan Armed Forces' military chiefs. According to a journalist, Jinnah had a lot of doubt about Ali Khan's ability to protect Pakistan's integrity and sovereignty. Ali Khan, as well as the Pakistani Socialist Party, put limits on the Communist party and the Pakistani Socialist Party after returning from the United States. Despite the fact that the East Pakistan Communist Party had a massive protest in East-Pakistan to announce Bengali words as national language.

The Muslim League had been struggling to function in West-Pakistan after Jinnah founded it. Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan placed stringent limitations on the communist party, ensuring that it was not legally allowed to function openly as a political party. Major-General Akbar Khan, a left-wing military officer and Chief of General Staff, had planned the plot. On February 23, 1951, a mystery meeting was held at GM's home, attended by other communist officers and communist party leaders, including Marxist Sajjad Zaheer and communist Faiz. GM told Faiz and Zaheer that the communist party would operate as a legitimate political party like every other party and that it would run in the elections. However, according to communist Zafar Poshni, who maintained that "no agreement was reached," the initiative was disapproved, the communists weren't ready to hear General's words, and the participants dispersed without meeting again. The scheme was foiled the next morning when one of the communist officer defected to the ISI, uncovering the perpetrators of the scheme. As the prime minister's reports made landfall, the Prime Minister ordered massive arrests to the Military Police by the Prime Minister. Several other communists, including Faiz, were detained before the coup was started. Faiz was found in Central Prison Karachi and the Central Jail Mianwali in a trial led by the Judge Advocate General branch's officers. Huseyn Suhravardie, a socialist, was his defense advisor. Faiz's sentence was then commuted by Prime Minister Huseyn Suhrawardy, and he departed to London, Great Britain, shortly after. Faiz returned to work in 1958, but President Iskander Mirza had arrested Faiz for publishing pro-communist and promoting a pro-Moscow government. Faiz's sentence was commuted in 1960, and he migrated to Moscow, Union of Soviet Republics, owing to his influence on Ayub Khan, but he later settled in London, United Kingdom.

Faiz returned to his country and settled in Karachi in 1964, and he was named Rector of Abdullah Haroon College. He served as the secretary of the Pakistan Arts Council from 1959 to 1962, and became its vice president the same year.

Faiz was first elected to office by charismatic democratic socialist socialist Bemba, who was tenacious as Foreign Minister in Ayub Khan's presidency. Bhutto pleaded for Faiz, giving him an honorary position at the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MoIB), which is attempting to mobilize the people of West-Pakistan to fight against India to protect their motherland. Faiz fought to mobilize the people during the 1971 Winter war by writing poetry and songs that protested the bloodshed during the Bangladesh Liberation War.

When Bhutto appointed Faiz as Culture advisor at the Ministry of Culture (MoCul) and the Ministry of Education, in 1972, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto brought him back. (MoEd) Faiz continued his service in Bhutto's government until 1974, when he resigned from government service.

Faiz had ties with Bhutto and was deeply distraught over the deposition of Bhutto by Chief of Army Staff General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in 1977, as part of a military coup code named Fair Play. Faiz was still under surveillance by Military Police, and his every move was monitored. Faiz departed from Pakistan in 1979 after learning that Bhutto's execution had occurred. Faiz came from Lebanon, Lebanon, where he edited the Soviet-sponsored magazine Lotus and met influential Arab figures such as Edward Said and Yasser Arafat, but he returned to Pakistan in poor health after the Lebanon war began in 1982. Faiz died in Lahore, Punjab Province, shortly after being told that he had been nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1984.

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