Ernest Gruening

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Ernest Henry Gruening (GREEN-ing; February 6, 1887-1974) was an American journalist and politician.

Gruening, a Alaska Territory governor from 1939 to 1953, and a United States Senator from Alaska from 1959 to 1969, was a member of the Democratic Party and a member of the Alaska Territory. After graduating from Harvard Medical School, Gruening, a native of New York City, began a career in journalism.

He worked with various newspapers in New York and Boston during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration.

He was appointed Governor of Alaska in 1939 and became a leading advocate for Alaska statehood. After Alaska gained statehood in 1959, Gruening became one of Alaska's inaugural two senators.

Gruening, a vocal opponent of the Vietnam War, was one of only two Senators to vote against the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

Mike Gravel defeated Gruening in the Senate Democratic primary in 1968, and Gruening's attempt to run as an outsider was unsuccessful.

Early life

Gruening was born in New York City, the son of Phebe (Fridenberg) and Emil Gruening, a German-born eye and ear surgeon who had served in the American Civil War, and he was present when Confederate General Robert E. Lee signed the surrender, which ended the war. Gruening graduated from Harvard University in 1907 and Harvard Medical School in 1912 at the age of 25, and he was a student at The Hotchkiss School. He then moved from medicine to journalism, finding it more exciting. From 1912 to 1913, he began as a Boston newspaper reporter and rewrite man for the Boston Evening Herald, and also as an editorial writer. At various times, he appeared on the Boston Herald and the Boston Journal. Gruening was the managing editor of the Boston Evening Traveller and the New York Tribune for four years. Gruening became the editor of The Nation from 1920 to 1923, and the editor of the New York Post for four months in 1934 after serving in World War I. He also worked for La Prensa, a Spanish-language newspaper published in New York during his time in New York.

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Political career

He changed careers after being intrigued by New Deal politics. Gruening was elected to the United States delegation to the 7th Inter-American Conference in 1933, 1933–1939, and Administrator of the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration, 1935–1937. He served with the Alaska International Highway Commission from 1938 to 1942. Gruening was named Governor of Alaska in 1939 and spent 13 1/2 years in that position. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1952, 1956, and 1960, and was elected to the United States Senate in 1958, serving for ten years.

Mexico was one of Gruening's specialties. He published the country's most comprehensive book in 1928, which is now recommended by the US State Department and Mexican officials. The Mexican government granted the Order of the Aztec Eagle for this essay, the best written by a non-Mexico author on Mexico.

Despite being born outside of Alaska, he was a zealous promoter of the territory's statehood, serving as one of the first senators in the territory after statehoodhood. In 1955, he gave the keynote address at the Alaskan Constitutional Convention titled "Let Us End American Colonialism." In which he detailed the ways in which the US mirrored the British Empire's activities in North America well before the Revolutionary War in respect to Alaska's territory. Gruening's argument was that Alaska had been a colony of the United States, but that it had been promised statehood from its purchase. Alaska became a member of the Union four years later, in 1959, thanks to his father's help and support.

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