Ellen Glasgow

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Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow (April 22, 1873-November 21, 1945) was an American novelist who received the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1942.

Glasgow, a lifelong Virginian who published 20 books, seven of which sold well (five on top-seller lists), as well as gained critical recognition, portrayed the modern South's transition, differing from the traditionalistic escapism that characterized Southern literature after Reconstruction.

Early and family life

Anne Jane Gholson (1831-1893) and her partner, Francis Thomas Glasgow, lived in Richmond, Virginia, on April 22, 1873. Glasgow was educated at home in Richmond, receiving the equivalent of a high school diploma, but she read extensively in philosophy, socioeconomic, and political theory, as well as European and British literature.

Her parents, who married on July 14, 1853, survived the American Civil War and have ten children together, of whom Ellen will be the next to youngest. Anne Gholson, her mother, was prone to what some traced to her maternity and care for ten children. Throughout her life, Glasgow battled with "nervous impotence." Ellen Glasgow found her father self-righteous and unfeeling. Nonetheless, some of her more memorable characters reflect a Scot-Calvinist origins as well as a "iron vein of Presbyterianism."

Ellen Glasgow spent many summers at her family's Louisa County, Virginia home, the historic Jerdon Castle plantation that her father purchased in 1879 and that she would later use in her books.

Arthur Glasgow, her paternal grandmother, had migrated with his brothers in 1776 from Scotland to the now-large and frontier Augusta County, Virginia. Francis Thomas Glasgow, her father, was born in Rockbridge, Virginia, and she would eventually head the Tredegar Iron Works. They were purchased in 1848 by Glasgow's maternal uncle, Joseph Reid Anderson, who had finished fourth in his class of 49 from West Point in 1836 and would start employing skilled and enslaved Africans at the ironworks to support skilled white workers. Anderson, a major business and political figure in Richmond, who favored the Confederate States of America, joined the Army of Northern Virginia and rose to the rank of general. However, because the Tredegar Ironworks produced munitions that were critical to the Confederate cause, General Robert E. Lee asked General Anderson to return and oversee the ironworks rather than lead armies in the field.

Anne Jane Gholson (1831-1893), born in Cumberland County, Virginia, to William Yates Gholson and Martha Anne Jane Taylor. Thomas Gholson, Jr., and Anne Yates, both descended from Rev. Thomas Gholson, Jr. William Yates, the fifth president of William & Mary (1761–1764). Gholson descended on William Randolph, a prominent colonist and land owner in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Mary Isham, He and his wife were often referred to as the "Adam and Eve" of Virginia.

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Career

Glasgow has published 20 books, a collection of poems, a book of short stories, and a book on literary criticism during the last four decades of literary work. When she was 24 years old, her first book, The Descendant (1897), was written in secrecy and published anonymously. After her mother died in 1893, she destroyed a portion of the manuscript. George McCormack, her brother-in-law and intellectual mentor, died the following year. Glasgow wrote her first book in 1895. It features an emancipated heroine who prefers passion over marriage over marriage. Despite being anonymously published, her authorship flourished the following year, when her second book, Phases of an Inferior Planet (1898), announced "by Ellen Glasgow, author of The Descendant."

Glasgow had completed Phases of an Inferior Planet by the time The Descendant was in print. The book depicts the demise of a marriage and focuses on "the spirituality of female friendship." Critics characterized the tale as "sodden with hopelessness all the way," but "excellently told" was the case. Glasgow said that her third book, The Voice of People (1900) was an objective reflection of the poor-white farmer in politics. The hero, a young Southerner with a knack for politics, rises above the masses and falls in love with a senior class girl. In the first two weeks after its debut, her second book, The Battle-Ground (1902), sold over 21,000 copies. It depicts the South before and during the Civil War, and it has been lauded as "the first and most realistic treatment of the war from the southern perspective."

Glasgow's work was influenced in large part by her romantic aspirations and human relationships throughout her life. During her relationship with Gerald B.'s Delivery (1904) and her previous book, The Battle-Ground, were written. They are "the only early books in which Glasgow's heroine and hero are linked" by the end of the books. The Deliverance, which was published in 1904, was the first Glasgow book to enjoy widespread success. Due to conventional class constraints, the novel depicts a romantic romance based on the hero's intense friendship with the heroine. After the Civil War, the hero is turned into a common labourer, but the heroine does not have the aristocratic lineage, but she does have aristocratic qualities such as education and refinement. The genuine love and understanding of the two couples was a result of Glasgow's efforts to demonstrate that "traditional class consciousness should be insignificant to love affairs." Because Glasgow herself was unable to marry at the time, the Deliverance criticizes the institution of marriage. The Deliverance is notable for its "naturalistic treatment of class conflicts" that have arisen after Reconstruction, giving realistic representations of social transitions in Southern literature.

Glasgow's next four books were published in what she described as her "earlier demeanor" style and received mixed feedback. The Wheel of Life (1906) did a decent job based on The Descendant's popularity. Despite the book's commercial success, reviewers found it dissatisfaction. The novel, which is set in New York (the only one not set in Virginia), explores domestic abuse and tangled love affairs. It was unfavorably compared to Edith Wharton's House of Mirth, which was published the same year. Glasgow "stick to the South," the majority of commentators said. The novel was seen as a disappointment in Glasgow.

The Ancient Law (1908) depicted white factory workers in the Virginia textile industry, as well as its social problems. Critics characterized the book as overly melodramatic. Glasgow began focusing on gender with The Romance of a Plain Man (1909) and The Miller of Old Church (1911), a step in Virginia (1913).

Glasgow marched in the English suffrage parades in the spring of 1909, as the United States women's suffrage movement was emerging in the early 1900s. Later, she addressed the first suffrage meeting in Virginia and became a founding member of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. Glasgow felt that the campaign came "at the wrong time" for her, and that her involvement and enthusiasm faded. Glasgow did not make women's roles their primary theme at the start of her tales, and she was able to place heroines rather than heroes at the center of her stories. Some called her Virginia (1913), about a woman whose husband abandons her after he succeeds, but she remains a self-sufficient, single mother who remarries well). Her later works have heroines who have exhibited many of the characteristics of women active in the political movement.

Before releasing her book of utmost personal interest, Barren Ground (1925), Glasgow published two more books, The Builders (1919) and One Man in His Time (1922), as well as a collection of short stories (The Shadowy Third and Other Stories (1923).

Barren Ground is a tale that chronicles the life of the main heroine, written in response to her waning romantic relationship with Henry W. Anderson. The heroine is looking for love in the form of companionship with the opposite sex due to a difficult childhood. She meets a man and proposes, but he has to leave New York and desert her. The heroine discovers that her physical relationships with the opposite sex are meaningless, and she devotes herself to tending her farm. Though she triumphs over the man who abandoned her, the victory is still bare and empty as the description of the introduction. Barren Ground in Glasgow refers to her own experience, and the heroine's life closely matches hers almost exactly. Glasgow defys the traditional seduction plot by releasing a heroine who has been completely freed from southern patriarchal clout and pits women against their own biological characteristics. Despite the fact that she wrote an unnatural and melodramatic story that did not sell well with the public, critics of the time praised it as a literary accomplishment. The book's imagery, descriptive power, and length alluding to its "unconquerable vastness" of the world. What remains in the book isn't about a cynical woman's ideals, but rather the countryside that has been farmed by generations of humans who spend their brief time on earth on the land. Glasgow compares human relations and love by comparing it specifically to nature's vastness.

Barren Grounds, a "tragedy," she felt she had freed herself from her comedies of manners (1926), They Stooped to Folly (1929), and The Sheltered Life (1932). These late works are regarded as the most sophisticated examination of romantic illusion in her career.

A Time columnist characterized Glasgow in 1923: a reviewer named him.

Her artistic achievement may have reached its zenith in 1931 when Glasgow presided over the Southern Writers Conference at the University of Virginia.

The Sheltered Life (1932) and Vein of Iron (1935), two more "new characters" in Glasgow, where she continued to investigate female liberation. Both the former and Barren Grounds of the previous decade's are still available.

In 1941, Glasgow released In This Our Life, the first of her writings to take a bold and progressive attitude toward black people. African Americans were integrated into the story as the central characters of the story, and these characters became a theme in the novel itself. Glasgow conveys a sense of realism in race relations that black people face in society by describing the explicit injustices that black people face in society. She has never done anything else. The novel received a mixed and confused reaction from the public due to the ambiguity of the ending. There is also a noticeable difference between critics of the day and the reading public, as the critics, particularly her friends, hailed the book as a "masterpiece," and it won the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1942. Warner Brothers seized the book and made it into a movie by the same name, directed by John Huston and released in 1942.

The Woman Within, her autobiography, published in 1954, years after her death, reveals her rise as an author and the influences that made her become a well-known Southern woman writer. Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings was gathering evidence for her commissioned biography of Ellen Glasgow prior to her death.

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