Eliza Frances Andrews

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Eliza Frances Andrews (August 10, 1840 – January 21, 1931) was a well-known Southern writer of the Gilded Age.

Her books were included in well-known magazines and newspapers, including the New York World and Godey's Lady's Book.

Eliza Frances Andrews' longer works include The War-Time Journal of a Georgian Girl (1908) and two botany textbooks.

She loved writing, and she had success as both an essayist and a novelist.

After the deaths of her parents, financial hardships pushed her to teach, although she continued to be published.

Botany: Two of her passions in her retirement combined two of her writings on botany, Botany All Year Round and Practical Botany, the latter of which became extremely popular in Europe and was translated for French schools.

Andrews' published books, particularly her Wartime Journal of a Georgia Girl, as well as her novels and numerous journals, provide a glimpse into bitterness, dissatisfaction, and confusion in the post-civ War South's post-Civil War South.

Early life

Eliza Frances "Fanny" Andrews was born in Washington, Georgia, the second daughter of Annulet Ball and Garnett Andrews, a Georgia superior court judge, was born on August 10, 1840. Her father was a lawyer, judge, and plantation owner, with around two hundred slaves on hand. Andrews grew up on the family farm, Haywood, the name of which she would later use in a pseudonym, "Elzey Hay." Later in 1857, I attended the local Ladies' Seminary College in Georgia and later graduated in the first class of students from LaGrange Female College in Georgia. She was well versed in literature, music, and the arts, and she was fluent in both French and Latin. When graduating "Fanny" had returned home in the care of her family, she and her family were stranded from the Union. Her father was vocally against secession, but three of his sons enlisted in the Confederate States Army and his daughters were also involved in the rebellion. In addition, Garnett Andrews' refusal to promote secessionist ideals in his house, his children's children are reported to have illegally designed the first Confederate flag to fly over the courthouse in her hometown. The young Andrews were agitated and confused by their father's conflicting viewpoints. Her father, who in the words of one biographer, "aided his children in learning to love books and learning," had begun to deny her convictions.

Andrews and her sister were sent to live with her older sister in southwest Georgia, and Andrews chronicled both her route and stay in a journal that was later released under the title Wartime Journal of a Georgia Girl, 1864-65. Despite being inaccessible until 1908, the diary actually began her career as a writer. Andrews' first published work in the New York World in 1865, at her father's behest, "A Romance of Robbery." It referred to the mistreatment of southerners by the reconstruction authorities who were then in possession of the South. She penned several papers for a variety of journals, including women's fashion during the war and a piece on Catherine Littlefield Greene, the woman behind Eli Whitney's cotton gin's success.

Andrew Andrews' father died in 1873, leaving his family with bad investments that had to be sold, causing them to sell the plantation. Andrews had to work as a result of this sudden financial recession. She edited the Washington Gazette for a brief period, but then the editor discovered she was a woman, she was fired. She then became principal at the Girls' High School in Yazoo, Mississippi, where she remained for seven years. In order to recover from a serious illness, she resigned from the position in the early 1880s. Andrews later returned to Washington, Washington, to serve as the principal at her former seminary academy. In 1882, she received an honorary Master of Arts degree from Wesleyan Female College in Macon, Georgia. She moved to Macon in 1885 and spent as a French and literature scholar from 1886 to 1896. During this period, she served as a school librarian. She returned to Washington once more and devoted herself entirely to teaching and writing.

Andrews' success as a writer, textbook author, and educator would have been unthinkable if not for the demise of her beloved antebellum estate in Washington, Georgia, which was not the cause of her teacher's demise. The question then becomes whether she was motivated to advance her career and claim her independence out of love or necessity. Her desire to be unmarried for life was a good example of her often contradictory temperament. This is evident in her first book, A Family Secret (1876), which gives a vivid picture of women in the post war South. She explores the narcotics inherent in marrying for money and writes at one point, "Oh, the slave it is to be a woman, not a fool." Andrews believed that the domestic wife and mother was the only acceptable role for women in Southern society, and that teaching "a mental tread-mill" was the only appropriate option for women, although a dull road traveled over and over demanding only patience. 32 On the surface, her thoughts seem to be in direct conflict with her work as a teacher and scholar, but as time goes, she seems to have grown more conscious that she will not save her beloved antebellum society. "In the lifetime of a single generation, the people of the South have been called on to pass through changes that the majority of the world has taken centuries to achieve," she said in the introduction to her Wartime Journal.

The influences of the antebellum and wartime South, which Andrews describes as a "unique people," are evident in her writing, from the start of her writing career to her last pieces. Andrews wrote for several local and national newspapers and journals during the Confederate period, including the New York World and Scott's Monthly, focusing on topics that the South faced during the early years of Reconstruction; she expressed skepticism against universal male suffrage due to African Americans' ignorance of informed voting procedures. 29–31 Her remarks about black Americans reflected contemporary Southern fears of enslavement. In the same vein, Andrew's books and novels about women's roles provide solid, often conflicting viewpoints about ideal females, highlighting the overlap in her commitments to both Southern idealism and industry's independence. For example, her early feminist works in the late 1860s protested women's suffrage, protesting their recognition of men's social rights, which they may lose if granted the right to vote. These findings, 32–33, contrast her earlier assertion that women have similar governing abilities to men and are therefore capable of improving society by private, academic, and retail work as teachers, doctors, and merchants.

: 32

All of life's dissatisfaction with life inspired her aspirations for a more desirable world, and she wrote an article about socialism in which she argued that "the black man must develop himself without intervening in the white man's civilization." 50 "When she wrote about the superiority of the white race over the black and boasting that the colour line had been preserved in her hometown town with the help of the Ku Klux Klan." Despite her resentment with society's inequalities, she did not endorse women's suffrage. 33 Although her remarks about race and gender in the late nineteenth century were consistent Southern beliefs, Andrews' distinguished career as an educator and botanical scientist distinguished him from the traditional plantation housewife who was romanticized in her earlier books.

Charlotte Ford cites Andrews as her first formal contact with botany after being in contact with the botany professor, Charles Townsend, but her enthusiasm sparked from her childhood days exploring the woods around Haywood, Georgia. When she had the opportunity, 63,65 Andrews portrayed herself as an amateur botanist, gathering samples and doing minor research when she could. 67–68 Andrews made a name for herself as a conservationist, promoting woodland destruction throughout her career. 64 Botany All the Year Round, her first book, was published in 1903 and was designed to attract a large school audience. It included projects and labs aimed at attracting these schools to a low-budget science discipline that used the natural world around them rather than costly experimental equipment. 69 A Practical Course in Botany, her second book, was aimed more at a college and university audience, emphasizing the link between botany and more practical fields, such as agriculture and economics. Practical Botany, a 71-year-old international award-winning plant, has been imported into French schools for use in French schools. Andrews had been nominated to be a member of the Italian International Academy of Sciences, but she was too young at the time to travel to Naples to receive the award. She bequeathed the royalties from her books to a municipal forest reserve in Rome, GA, but the city later returned the funds to her estate due to a lack of funds, presumably due to the sadness.

: 77–78

Andrews died in Rome, Georgia, on January 21, 1931, at the age of ninety. In Resthaven Cemetery, Washington, GA, she is buried in the family's plot.

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Teaching and writing career

Andrews' father died in 1873, leaving his family with poor investments that forced them to sell the plantation. Andrews had to work as a result of this unforeseen financial reversal. She briefly edited the Washington Gazette, but she was fired after the editor discovered she was a woman. She became principal at the Girl's High School in Yazoo, Mississippi, where she stayed for seven years. She resigned from a career in the early 1880s in order to recover from a serious illness. Andrews then returned to Washington to serve as the principal at her former seminary school. In 1882, she received an honorary Master of Arts degree from Wesleyan Female College in Macon, Georgia. She moved to Macon in 1885, where she served as a French and literature scholar from 1886 to 1896. At this time, she was also working as a school librarian. She returned to Washington once more, devoted herself entirely to lecturing and writing.

Andrews' meteorological growth in her career as a writer, textbook author, and tutor would have been unimaginable if not for the demise of her beloved antebellum estate in Washington, Georgia. If she was motivated to move her career and claim her freedom out of a lack or desire, it was then questionable. Her desire to be unmarried for life was a good example of her often contradictory temperament. This is evident in her first book, A Family Secret (1876), which gives a vivid representation of women in the post war South. She examines the misery inherent in marrying for money and writes at one point: "You know, the slavery it is to be a woman, not a fool." Andrews believed that the domestic wife and mother was the only acceptable role for women in Southern society, and that teaching "a mental tread-mill" was the only viable option for women in Southern society, despite a dull road going over and over requiring only patience. 32 On the surface, her thoughts appear to be in direct conflict with her work as an instructor and scholar, but over time, she seems to have grown more aware that she will not save her beloved antebellum society. "In the lifetime of a single generation, the people of the South have been called on to go through transitions that the rest of the world has taken centuries to achieve," she said in the introduction to her Wartime Journal.

In her writing career, the influences of the antebellum and wartime South, which Andrews describes as a "unique society," are apparent in her work, from the beginning of her writing career to her final pieces. Andrews wrote for many local and national newspapers and newspapers between Confederate and Prosperous's Civil War, including the New York World and Scott's Monthly, writing about African Americans' inability of informed voting methods. 29–31 Her thoughts regarding black Americans relate to current Southern fears of black enslavement. In addition, Andrew's books and novels about women's roles in society reveal strong, often conflicting viewpoints about ideal females, highlighting the difference between her contributions to both Southern idealism and her own professional independence. For example, her early works in the late 1860s protested women's suffrage, as women were granted economic privileges by men, which they would lose if granted the right to vote. These claims contrast with her assertion that women have similar governing potential to men and that they can promote society by private, academic, and retail work as teachers, physicians, and merchants.

: 32

All of life's dissatisfaction with life inspired her aspiration to a more ideal society, and she wrote an article for the International Socialist Review on socialism, but her version of socialism followed strict racial division, requiring "the black man" to advance himself without interfering in the white man's civilization. "50 Her racial inequity came out as she wrote about the white supremacy over the black and boasting that with the support of the Ku Klux Klan, the color line in her home town had been preserved." Despite her disappointment with society's misogyny, she did not endorse women's suffrage. 33 Although her beliefs regarding race and gender in the late nineteenth century were consistent with Southern values, Andrews' distinguished and prolific career as an educator and botanical scientist distinguished him from the Victorian plantation housewife whose earlier books romanticized.

Charlotte Ford cites Andrews as her first formal contact with botany after speaking with Charles Townsend, but her interest sparked from her childhood days exploring the woods around Haywood, Georgia. 63, 65 Andrews referred to herself as an amateur botanist, collecting samples and doing minor research when she could find the time. 67–68 Andrews grew to be a strong proponent of conservatism throughout her career, speaking out against turpentine distillers and developers for destroying woodlands. 64 Botany All the Year Round, her first book, was published in 1903 and was aimed at a young school audience. It was designed to introduce these schools to a low-budget scientific discipline that used the natural world around them rather than expensive experimental equipment. 69 A Practical Course in Botany, her second book, was aimed more at a college and university audience, emphasizing the connection between botany and more practical fields, such as agriculture and economics. Practical Botany, which was internationally acclaimed, was adapted for use in French schools. Andrews had been accepted to be a member of the Italian International Academy of Science, but she was too old to travel to Naples and accept the award. In the end, she bequeathed the royalties from her books to a municipal forest reserve in Rome, GA, but the city ultimately turned the money over to her estate due to a lack of funds, perhaps due to the depression.

: 77–78

Andrews died in Rome, GA, on January 21, 1931, at the age of ninety. She is buried in the family's plot in Resthaven Cemetery, Washington, GA.

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