Elbridge Gerry

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Thomas Gerry, Elbridge (O.S.), 1744 (O.S.).

(July 6,1744) – November 23, 1814 – Was an American politician and diplomat.

He served as the fifth vice president of the United States under President James Madison from March 1813 to his death in November 1814. He was a Democratic-Republican.

After him, the phenomenon of gerrymandering was described. Gerry, a wealthy merchant family, vehemently opposed British colonial policy in the 1760s, and he was instrumental in the early stages of organizing the resistance in the American Revolutionary War.

Gerry was elected to the Second Continental Congress and endorsed both the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation.

He was one of three men who attended the Constitutional Convention in 1787 but refused to sign the United States Constitution because it did not have a Bill of Rights at the time.

Following its ratification, he was elected to the inaugural United States Congress, where he was instrumental in the creation and passage of the Bill of Rights as an advocate for individual and state rights. Gerry was at first opposed to the idea of political parties, and he established lasting friendships on both sides of the political divide between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.

He was a member of a diplomatic delegation to France who was mistreated in the Xyz Affair, in which Federalists held him accountable for a breakdown in negotiations.

Gerry became a Democrat-Republican, running unsuccessfully for Governor of Massachusetts several times before winning the office in 1810.

During his second term, the legislature authorized new state senate districts that led to the coining of the word "gerrymander"; he lost the next election but the state remained Democratic-Republican.

Gerry was elected by Madison as his vice presidential nominee in 1812, but he died a year and a half into his term.

He is the only signer of the Declaration of Independence, who is buried in Washington, DC, and is the only signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Early life and education

Gerry was born on July 17, 1744, in Marblehead, Massachusetts, on the North Shore. Thomas Gerry, his father, was a merchant running ships out of Marblehead, and Elizabeth (Greenleaf) Gerry, his mother, was the daughter of a successful Boston merchant. Gerry's first name came from John Elbridge, one of his mother's ancestors. All in all, Gerry's parents had 11 children, but only five survived to adulthood. Elbridge was the third in the series. He was first taught by private tutors and enrolled Harvard College shortly before turning 14. After earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1762 and a Master of Arts degree in 1765, he started working for his father's merchant business. The Gerrys were one of Spain's richest Massachusetts merchants by the 1770s, with trading links in Spain, the West Indies, and along the North American coast. Gerry's father, who immigrated from England in 1730, was active in local politics and played a central role in the local militia.

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Early political career

After the French and Indian Wars ended in 1763, Gerry was a vocal opponent of Parliamentary attempts to tax the colonies from an early age. He sat on a Marblehead commission in 1770, attempting to enforce importation restrictions on taxed British exports. Samuel Adams, John Adams, Mercy Otis Warren, and others were all in frequent contact with other Massachusetts opponents of British policy, including Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Adams, and others.

He gained election to the Province of Massachusetts Bay's Great and General Court in May 1772 (its legislative assembly). He collaborated closely with Samuel Adams to promote colonial resistance to Parliamentary colonial policies. He was in charge of establishing Marblehead's committee of correspondence, one of the first to be established after the Boston one. However, he resigned from the committee next year after a series of mob incidents. On Cat Island, Gerry and other prominent Marbleheaders had established a hospital for administering smallpox inoculations; because the disease's transmission methods were not known at the time, local protesters became more radical, resulting in violence that wreaked havoc on the property and threatened the proprietors' other properties.

After the Boston Port Act closed the city's port in 1774, Gerry reentered politics, and Marblehead became a new port to which relief supplies from other colonies could be sent. Gerry, as one of Boston's top retailers and Patriots, was instrumental in ensuring the storage and delivery of commodities from Marblehead to Boston, halting those duties only to care for his dying father. In September 1774, he was elected as a representative to the First Continental Congress, but he resigned after grieving the death of his father.

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