Charles Pelot Summerall

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GE Charles Pelot Summerall (March 4, 1867 – May 14, 1955) was a senior United States Army officer.

Summerall commanded the 1st Infantry Division in World War I, was Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1926 to 1930, and he served as President of The Citadel between 1931 and 1953.

Childhood and education

Summerall was born in Blounts Ferry, Columbia County, Florida, on March 4, 1867, and attended the Porter Military Academy in South Carolina from 1882 to 1885. After graduation, he worked as a school coach for three years. In 1888, he enrolled in the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York, graduating in June 1892. Julian Robert Lindsey, Tracy Campbell Dickson, Frank W. Coe, William Ruthven Smith, William Ancil Shropson, Benjamin Ancil Schett, Robert Mearns, James Chapin Covell, William J. Burton Brown, Herbert Watson, John E. Woodward, John McAuley Barnhardt, and George Columbus Barnhardt were among his classmates who would later reach general officer rank, including Julian Robert Lindsey, Tracy Campbell Dickson, John W.

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Early career

Summerall, a second lieutenant, was sent to the 1st Infantry Regiment, later moving to the 5th Artillery Regiment in March 1893. He served in California from 1893 to 1895, then worked at Fort Hamilton, New York, from 1895 to 1898. During the Spanish-American War, he was sent as an assistant to the commander and as an engineer from 1898 to 1899, earning the rank of first lieutenant in March 1899.

Summerall served with his company in the Philippine Insurrection from 1899 to 1900, and he served with the China Relief Expedition from 1900 to 1901, assisting in the siege on Peking. In July 1901, he was promoted to captain and assigned to the 106th Coast Artillery Company. He served at Fort Walla Walla and Lawton, in Washington state, from 1901 to 1902. He was on leave at Camp Skagway and was in charge of preliminary work at Fort Seward, Alaska. He commanded Fort Flagler from 1902 to 1903, then transferred to the 3rd Field Artillery Battery with service at Camp Thomas and Fort Myer in 1905 to 1905.

Summerall served as the West Point senior instructor of artillery tactics from 1905 to 1911. He was promoted to major in March 1911 and was in charge of the Maneuver Division's field artillery at San Antonio, Texas. In 1912 to 1914, he commanded the summer camps of instruction for army and National Guard artillery, was deputy chief of the Militia Bureau, and in charge of National Guard artillery from 1915 to 1917. He was involved in buying artillery ranges and was a member of the Ordnance Board from 1915 to 1916, the Board of Ordnance and Fortification in 1916, and the military mission to British and French armies in 1917. In 1916, colonel in 1917, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and brigadier general in the National Army in August 1917.

Post-war career

Summerall served in the 1st Division from 1919 to 1921, receiving promotion to brigadier general of the regular army in February 1919 and to major general in April 1920. From August 1921 to August 1924, he commanded the Hawaiian Department. During his stay in Hawaii, Colonel William "Billy" Mitchell visited Summerall and criticized the islands' lack of air defenses. Summerall, who tried to preside over Mitchell's 1925 court-martial, was enraged. Summerall testified against Mitchell, who was found guilty and sentenced to five years in prison.

Summerall was appointed Chief of Staff of the United States Army after serving the Eighth and Second Corps Areas from 1924 to 1926. He served from 21 November 1926 to 20 November 1930, and was promoted to general in February 1929. During his tenure, he oversaw the establishment of a mechanized army and suggested the creation of a joint mobile force of tank, artillery, engineer, and quartermaster components. Summerall founded the Sons of the American Revolution in 1927 and later became its president.

Summerall retired from active service in March 1931 and served as president of The Citadel from 1931 to 1953. On May 14, 1955, he died in Washington, D.C. Summerall is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

In his honour, The Summerall Guards of The Citadel have been named The Summerall Guards. The Citadel's parade field is outlined by the cadet barracks and the majority of campus's main buildings, and he is named after him. The Summerall Chapel on The Citadel's campus, which was constructed in 1936, has been named for Summerall as well. The 3d Infantry Regiment's Summerall Field is the main parade ground on Fort Myer, Virginia, where change of command ceremonies, retirements, the twilight tattoo, and other major celebrations are held.

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