Sylvester Graham

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Reverend Sylvester Graham (July 5, 1794 – September 11, 1851), an American Presbyterian minister and diet reformer best known for his emphasis on vegetarianism, the temperance movement, and eating whole-grain bread.

His preaching inspired the graham flour, graham bread, and graham cracker line.

In America, Graham has been dubbed the "Father of Vegetarianism."

Early life

Graham was born in 1794 in Suffield, Connecticut, to a family with 17 children; his father was 72 years old when Graham was born, but his mother was physically incapacitated; and his mother was sick. 15 One of Graham's relatives owned a tavern where he was put to work; his encounter with alcoholism culminated in his complete life and forswearing, making him an exception among his peers at the time. He was often sick and missed a lot of school. 15 He worked as a farmhand, cleaner, and tutor before deciding on the ministry as an antidote to his poor health. In his late 20s, he joined Amherst Academy to become a minister, as his father and grandfather were in possession. He withdrew from school a year later, but his classmates mocked him for his histrionic demeanor.

Graham was distraught by his dismissal, which resulted in a nervous breakdown. He went to Little Compton, Rhode Island, to recover. Sara Earl, who had nursed him back to health, was there. He studied theology privately and began serving as an itinerant preacher at Bound Brook Presbyterian Church in Bound Brook, New Jersey, in 1828.

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Career

Graham accepted a position at the Philadelphia Temperance Society in 1830. 30 He stayed six months later to concentrate on preaching health.

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Graham's appointment and conversion to vegetarianism took place in Europe between 1829-51, and Americans were concerned that it would reach the United States. 29–30 The medical opinion was that the best way to avoid contracting cholera was to eat a lot of meat, drink port wine, and avoid vegetables. 30 people also believed that the cholera was a plague, which was a God-shame.

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The Philadelphia Temperance Society was not led by ministers, as many other temperance societies were, but by doctors who were mostly concerned about the health risks of drinking alcohol. William Metcalfe, an English minister who founded a vegetarian church in Philadelphia, and William A. Alcott, a Philadelphia doctor who wrote extensively about vegetarianism and wrote the first American vegetarian cookbook, might have been among the other fathers of American vegetarianism. 31 Graham taught himself about anatomy and came to the conclusion that meat was just as much an admission and invite to gluttony as alcohol, that they corrupted both the body and soul of individuals, as well as families and society. 31 His belief was influenced by the book The Treatise on Physiology by François-Joseph Broussais, which was published in Philadelphia in 1826 and said that what people eat had a huge influence on their health. 30 Graham's interest was also captured by the book "Appetite on Adulteration of Foods" by Friedrich Accum, in which he denounced the use of chemical additives in food and especially in bread, as well as in bread. Wheat flour was often doctored to hide odors from spoilage, to extend it, and even whiten it, and loaf bread was made from finely ground flour (which Graham described as "tortured") and brewers yeast (used to make beer).

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Graham, like other supporters of the temperance movement, viewed physical pleasure and especially sexual stimulation with skepticism as things that ignited lust that resulted in damaging individuals, families, and societies. In his own idiosyncratic way, Graham was heavily influenced by the Bible and Christian theology. He believed that people should only consume plants, like Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, and that plague and sickness were caused by living in ways that broke natural law. 27-23-24 He pleaded for people to remain peaceful and not allow fear or lust to discourage them from living properly, and he was one of the first people to state that stress causes disease.

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Graham developed a theology and diet aimed at keeping individuals, families, and society healthy by drinking pure water and eating a vegetarian diet anchored by bread made at home from flour coarsely ground at home, so that it remained wholesome and natural, lacking no added spices or other "stimulants" and avoiding warm baths. 31–33 years ago The regimen has been described as an early example of preventive medicine. 20 As his wife did for him, the emphasis on milling and baking at home was part of his vision of America in which women remained at home and nursed their families into health and maintained them there. Graham hoped that adhering to such a diet would discourage people from having impure thoughts, which would eventually stop masturbation (thought by Graham that it might have been a source of blindness and early death: 16 ). His essay On Self-Pollution, which appeared in 1834, contributed to the antebellum panic in America. He thought that youthful masturbation was risking children's health due to the organs' immaturity.

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His unique message, which blended patriotism, theology, diet, lifestyle, and messages that had been long-awaited by the temperance movement, captured the attention of the frightened public and outraged bakers and butchers, as well as the medical establishment. 21, 21 People who had taken his advice in 1832 in New York thrived, and his fame soared. 29 He published his first book, Treatise on Bread and Bread-Making, in 1837, which included a history of bread and showed how to make Graham bread. Andrews McMeel Publishing published it in 2012 as a part of its American Antiquarian Cookbook Collection. His lectures in New York and Boston this year were packed; butchers and commercial bakers disrupted the Boston lecture by a threat of riots.

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"Grahamism" became a movement in its own right, and people inspired by his preaching began to produce and sell Graham flour, Graham bread, and graham crackers. 29 He neither invented nor approved any particular product, nor did he receive any money from their sale. 29, 29 Graham affected other Americans, including Horace Greeley and John Harvey Kellogg, the founder of the Battle Creek Sanitarium.

In the 1830s, Grahamite boarding-houses were built. The Grahamites introduced dietetic and hygienic principles to everyday life, including cold baths, hard mattresses, cracked glass, a vegetarian diet with Graham bread, and drinking cold water. Animal flesh was outlawed from Grahamite households, but eggs were allowed to be eaten at breakfast and were a vital component of Grahamite diets.

Colonel John Benson, Graham, and William Alcott founded the American Physiological Society (APS) in Boston in 1837 to promote Grahamism. Alcott was the first President of the Society. The Society had 251 members, including 93 women, after a year. It only lasted three years.

Laura J. Miller said that the Society was "the most visible group promoting natural foods principles long before the American Vegetarian Society was established in 1850." Many of the APS members suffered from persistent illness and went vegetarian. It has been dubbed "likely the first entirely vegetarian group in the United States." It was also the first American natural hygiene group. Mary Gove Nichols, a APS member who gave health talks to women, was a notable member.

Graham and David Cambell founded The Graham Journal of Health and Longevity in 1837. It was "designed to reveal by facts and sustain by reason and principles the science of human life as taught by Sylvester Graham." It was edited by Campbell, Secretary of the APR (1837-1939) and five volumes were published. The journal joined the Library of Health, edited by Alcott in 1840.

The American Vegetarian Society in New York City, founded in 1850, was modeled on a similar group established in the United Kingdom in 1847.

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