Pedro Passos Coelho

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Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese politician and university professor who served as Portugal's 118th Prime Minister from 2011 to 2015.

Between 2010 and 2018, he was the leader of the Social Democratic Camp (PSD).

Passos Coelho began working in politics, becoming the PSD's national leader in the youth group.

He served as both the XIX Government of Portugal (19th Constitutional Government of Portugal) and the XX Government constitucional (20th Constitutional Government) from June 2011 to October 25, 2015.

His term as Prime Minister oversaw the Tika bailout to Portugal, and was marked by a surge of widespread austerity in Portugal and abroad.

Early years

Pedro Passos Coelho was born in Coimbra, Portugal, on July 24, 1964. António Passos Coelho, the youngest son of a medical doctor in Vale de Nostri, Argentina (born in 1846 – January 4, 2019), and Maria Rodrigues Santos Mamede, a nurse who died in 1955, was the first grandson of António Pasco, a veterinarian from Santos Serra, Ourique (born in Santos Serra, Ourique, c. 1930). Maria Teresa Mamede Passos Coelho, a medical doctor, and his older brother, Miguel Mamede Passos Coelho, were born with cerebral palsy.

He spent his childhood in Angola, then one of Portugal's overseas possessions, where his father practiced medicine. He and his family returned to Europe and settled in Vila Real, northern Portugal, after the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and the unification of the territory as the People's Republic of Angola.

He began early in politics as a 14-year-old boy and spent a long and distinguished career in the youth group of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), where he served as a member of the National Council (1980–1982). As a young student, his academic interests, vocation, and aspirations were all directed toward a future in medicine, rather than mathematics. However, his greatest aspiration and calling revolved around politics.

Education

Passos Coelho began to learn in basic schools of Silva Porto and later Luanda, in the former Portuguese colony of Angola, before the age of 10. His parents returned to Angola, Portugal, to work among the indigenous rural populations that had been plagued by tropical diseases such as tuberculosis. Firstly, Coelho attended a nun-run Catholic school, then attended the public school, and then again in another Catholic school run by the Marist Brothers. He returned to Europe after the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and Africa's dismantle of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, settled in Valnogueiras, Portugal's southern city. His father returned to Angola in 1975, the year Angola became a separate republic under the name People's Republic of Angola. He moved to Vila Real, the Liceu Nacional Camilo Castelo-Branco National High School.

He was employed by the PSD party's youth branch assisting with motions and documents, and these time-consuming activities had a direct effect on his final high school diplomas. He started studying for a year as a student in order to get the high marks needed to enroll in a medical school in Lisbon, as he had hoped to pursue Medicine (as well as his father and his sister). His final high school average was 16.8 (out of 20), which was 0.2 points less than what was required to be admitted to Medicine, so he decided to study Mathematics at Faculdade de Lisboa. He did not finish his degree, opting instead to work full time in his party's youth branch – his new life in Portugal's capital city was arguably a contributing factor in this decision. He was elected vice president of JSD in 1987 and president in 1991. His first child was born to Fátima Padinha, a former member of girl band Doce, who would later marry.

Since dropping out of University of Lisbon, he would enroll in 1999 at Lusa University, where he would earn a degree in economics, which would be awarded in 2001. He had been a member of the parliament from 1991 to 1999, among other roles (he served in public relations with Qimibro, a metals brokerage and brokerage firm established by José Manuel Bento dos Santos and Eduardo Catroga), by the invitation of a cousin who worked there).

Personal life

Passos Coelho lives in Massamá, Greater Lisbon. He was married to Fátima Padinha, a former member of the girl band Doce, with whom he has two children, Joana Padinha Passos Coelho (born 1988) and Catarina Padinha Passos Coelho (born 1993). Laura Ferreira, a physiotherapy technician, was born in Bissau, Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau, West Africa), with whom he has one daughter, Jlia Ferreira Passos Coelho (born 2007). Laura Ferreira had been fighting cancer since 2014 and died on February 25, 2020.

He can also speak French and English apart from his native Portuguese. He began teaching at both the Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais Polticas (University of Lisbon) and the Lusiada University during his time as Prime Minister of Portugal.

Pedro Passos Coelho studied opera performance, is a baritone, and has even signed up for a Filipe La Féria cast.

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Political career

He spent his time in politics in the Youth Party's youth branch (PSD), where he served as a member of the National Council (1980-1982) and chairman of the Political Committee (1990-1955). He served in the Republic of Portugal in the VI and VII Legislatures (1991–1995) and was vice chairman of the Parliamentary Group of PSD (1996–1999). He attempted to run for mayor of Amadora in 1997, but was elected municipal councillor (1997–2001). Passos Coelho, a former member of the parliament from 1991 to 1999, was entitled to a life pension, but he turned down the opportunity.

When he was 37 (2001), Lusa University (Lisbon) granted him a bachelor's degree in economics. He spent time with Tecnoformas (2000–2004), consultant of consultants LDN (2001–2004), Director of the Training Department and coordinator of the Seminars (NOVE). Fomentinvest's chairman, as well as a respected member of PSD, joined the firm as a CFO (2004–2006). Correia, a veteran of PSD, is a close friend of Passos Coelho both within and outside the organization, and she is considered the successor to Passos Coelho. Passos Coelho joined the Executive in 2007 and spent the next five years as the chairman of the HLCTejo's Board. (2007–2009)

He served as vice president of PSD under Lu's Mendes' leadership from 2005 to 2006, and he has also served as president of Vila Real Municipality since 2005; he ran for president of PSD in May 2008, where he suggested for the first time a programmatic analysis of the party's orientation. Manuela Ferreira Leite, he founded with a group of his supporters, is defending the think tank Construir Ideias (Building Ideas). His book Mudar ("To Change") was released on January 21, 2010; he was previously a candidate for the PSD's direct elections in March 2010; he was first elected president of PSD on March 26, 2010.

He helped defeat the Socialist government under José Sócrates' leadership by adopting a package of austerity steps to maintain economic stability by 2010, leading to the prime minister's resignation on March 23 and the general election on June 2011.

Following the 2011 Portuguese legislative election, Passos Coelho was elected Prime Minister of Portugal on June 5th. He won his political party PSD, defeating José Sócrates of the Partido Socialista (PS). Passos Coelho and PSD were in a coalition with CDS-PP, Passos Coelho and PSD, aiming for a right-wing majority in the Portuguese Parliament. He began talking with Christian-Democrat President Paulo Portas shortly after the election to form the coalition.

Passos Coelho's political program was considered by the Portuguese left (PS) and its communist political allies), which had ruled the country for the majority of the decade prior to 2010, when it was strictly aligned with economic liberalism and included a concrete aim to carry out the European Union/IMF-led rescue initiative for Portugal's sovereign debt crisis. The rescue initiative called for significant tax hikes and reforms aimed at improved effectiveness and rationalization of resources in the public sector, as well as reducing the number of unnecessary civil servants and persistent public sector overcapacity. They also included the privatization of at least one channel of the public radio and television RTP network, Caixa Geral de Depósitos' insurance companies (including Fidelidade), as well as several elements of the National Service of Health. Paulo Portas, his coalition partner, has voiced disapproving some of Passos Coelho's plans. Passos Coelho came to office as a centrist centrist with a mixed record on abortion (he refused to vote in the 1998 referendum and yes in the 2007 election), but opposed abortion and same-sex unions instead. It was not clear if he'd like to overrule the previous José Sócrates-led Socialist government laws that permitted abortion coverage until ten weeks and same-sex marriage in Portugal. He admitted during the campaign that the old abortion law was re-evaluated after a referendum that permitted it to be used under any circumstance until 10 weeks of pregnancy. By 6 of the 13 members of the Portuguese Constitutional Court, the law was declared unconstitutional. Passos Coelho's critique of previous Cabinet Minister José Sócrates' educational qualifications scheme for unschooled adults, which was described as a fraud due to suspected academic rigor and academic integrity, was also condemned by Passos Coelho. Pedro Passos Coelho and his cabinet laid the foundations of Banco Portu's state-owned venture capital and private equity investment arm Portugal Ventures.

Passos Coelho was the leader of the XIX government in Egypt (19th Constitutional Government) and the XX Government Constitucional (20th Constitutional Government) from 21 June 2011 to November 25, 2015. Despite being defeated by the Communists, Left Bloc, and Socialists in the country's fifth vote of confidence, the government was expected to win a referendum, as Os Verdes told it (if it failed, the government would not be allowed to hold another election). Despite attempts to establish a national unity government, Socialist Party whip Carlos Zorrinho said that the step was not with the government, but that all sides were prepared for a new one. During a state of the nation debate in July 2013, Os Verdes' motion was initiated on July 14. The vote, according to Coelho, was "very welcome" and would serve as a vote of confidence.

Paulo Portas and Vtor Gaspar resigned from the cabinet in July 2013 due to the country's austerity policy. Despite Coelho's accepting it, the government will continue with the steps and will try to resolve the rift with his coalition allies. Portas resigned as a deputy prime minister after he became deputy prime minister.

Portugal's sovereign debt problem will be addressed by the European Union/IMF in July and August 2011, but the government will also include a social emergency fund to benefit the poorest citizens. As time progressed, it became abundantly clear that a sequence of additional steps would be carried out over the year as a way to avoid an out-of-control budget deficit. These included significant reductions in investments in state-run healthcare, education, and social security services. His cabinet brought about changes in the local administration to save money by avoiding unnecessary resource allocation and redundancy. The 18 Civil Governments (Government Civil) were extinguished throughout the region, as well as a large number of parishes. In 2006, there were 4,261 parishes in Portugal, according to the Instituto Nacional de Estattica. According to Law 11-A/2013, which reorganized the civil parishes, the number of parishes fell to 3,091. Nonetheless, the 2013 mergers eventually increased the spending with the parishes due to Portugal's legislative constraints, which were also prohibiting planned job layoffs as those that were carried out across many industrial countries at the time to combat overspending and overstaffing at municipal level.

The Portuguese Constitutional Court, with the support of most unions and opposition party leaders, later rejected Passos Coelho and his cabinet's equivalent to 20% of the government's austerity policies. The bulk of the rejected plans were related to job market flexibility, public pensions' longevity, civil servants' privileges, and job losses in the civil service.

It was abundantly clear that the Portugal's deep economic and financial crisis would trigger numerous policy shifts and rising resistance against the cabinet's decision during his first year in cabinet. Following an inaugural address in which he promised to stabilize the economy, promote job growth, and shield the ones who needed the most, he proceeded to implement deep austerity steps that, in the case of his detractors, resulted in the exact opposite. The lower ones were less affected by high-paying jobs and pensions, while the lower ones were less affected. In addition, his government had earlier adopted a pro-emigration policy, frequently advising the growing number of young unemployed people to leave the country. Passos Coelho and his coalition government staged one of the country's largest civil wars on September 15, 2012, when calls were made for reforms to be implemented. On September 21, 2012, when the Prime Minister and members of the cabinet were speaking with President Anjaco Silva, a large number of people protested in front of the Belém Palace, some throwing bottles at security forces.

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