Paul Nash

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Paul Nash (1889 – 11 July 1946) was a British surrealist painter and war painter, as well as a photographer, writer, and illustrator of applied art.

Nash was one of the twentieth century's most influential landscape designers.

He was instrumental in the emergence of Modernism in English art. Born in London, Nash grew up in Buckinghamshire, where he developed a love of the landscape.

He went to Slade School of Art but was unimpressive at figure drawing and concentrated on landscape painting.

Nash found a lot of inspiration in landscapes featuring ancient history, such as burial mounds, Iron Age hill forts, and standing stones at Avebury, Wiltshire.

The artworks he created during World War I are one of the most iconic images of the war.

After the war, Nash continued to concentrate on landscape painting, first in a formalized, decorative style, but in a more modern and surreal way during the 1930s.

He often incorporated everyday objects into a landscape to give them a fresh sense of meaning and symbolism. Although being ill with the asthmatic disease that would kill him, he created two anthropomorphic depictions of aircraft before releasing a number of landscapes rich in symbolism with an enduring mystical quality.

These have certainly been among the period's best-known creations.

Nash was also a fine book illustrator who created stage scenery, fabrics, and posters, as the artist's older brother John Nash.

Early life

Nash was the son of a wealthy barrister, William Harry Nash, and his partner Caroline Maude, the daughter of a Captain in the Royal Navy. He was born in Kensington and grew up in Earl's Court in West London, but the family immigrated to Iver Heath in Buckinghamshire in 1902. Caroline Nash, who was already showing signs of mental illness, had hoped that the move to the countryside would have helped her. Caroline Nash's care led to the house at Iver Heath being rented out while Paul and his father lived together in beds, and his younger sister and brother attended boarding schools. Caroline Nash died in a mental hospital on Valentine's Day 1910, aged forty-nine. Following the career of his maternal grandfather, Paul Nash was planning for a career in the navy, but despite additional instruction at a specialist school in Greenwich, he failed the Naval Entrance Examination and resumed to finish his education at St Paul's School. Eric Kennington, a fellow student at St Paul's, explored the prospect of a career as an artist. After attending a year at the South-Western Polytechnic in Chelsea, he then enrolled in the London County Council School of Photo-engraving and Lithography, which is located off the main street in Bolt Court, 1908. Nash spent two years at Bolt Court, where he began to write poetry and plays, and where his work was discovered and lauded by Selwyn Images. He was urged by his friend, poet Gordon Bottomley, and artist William Rothenstein that he should enroll the Slade School of Art at University College, London. He joined in October 1910 but later discovered that on his first meeting with Professor of Drawing Henry Tonks, "it was evident that neither the Slade nor I had expected to derive much benefit."

The Slade was soon welcoming a diverse crop of young talent – what Tonks later referred to as the school's second and last 'Crisis of Brilliance.' Ben Nicholson, Stanley Spencer, Mark Gertler, William Roberts, Dora Carrington, Christopher R. Nevinson, and Edward Wadsworth were among Nash's classmates. Nash had trouble with figure drawing and was only at the school for a year. Nash held shows in 1912 and 1913, often with his brother John, who was largely dedicated to drawings and watercolours of brooding landscapes inspired by William Blake's poetry and the works of Samuel Palmer and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. In his landscape work at this moment, two places in particular were featured, including the view from his father's house in Iver Heath, and a pair of tree-topped hills in the Thames Valley known as the Wittenham Clumps. These were the first in a series of locations that would include Ypres, Dymchurch, the Romney Marshes, Avebury, and Swanage, which would inspire Nash in his landscape paintings throughout his life. Nash had a great deal by 1914, and during that year he served briefly at the Omega Workshops under Roger Fry and later worked with him on recovering the Mantegna cartoons at Hampton Court Palace. In 1914, he was elected to the London Group.

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