Pancho Villa

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Francisco "Pancho" Villa (UK; also US); Spanish: [bi]; born José Doroteo Arango Arango Arango Arámbula, 5 June 1878 – 20 July 1932; Spanish: "Birga") was a general in the Mexican Revolution. He was a central figure in the civil war that drove out President Porfirio Dáz and brought Francisco I. Madero to power in 1911. He led anti-Huerta forces in the Constitutionalist Army 1913-14 when Madero was deposed by a coup led by General Victoriano Huerta in February 1913. The coalition's leader was Coahuila Venustiano Carranza's civilian governor. Villa broke with Carranza after Huerta's exile in July 1914. The meeting of revolutionary generals that barred Carranza and built a coalition government was dominated by Villa. Emiliano Zapata and Villa became formal allies in this period, but only in principle. Villa was in favour of land reform, like Zapata, but not when he was elected. The United States considered him to be Mexico's legitimate government at the time of his fame and ubiquity in late 1914 and early 1915. When Carranza confronted Villa, a civil war broke out. Villa was notably defeated by Constitutionalist General lvaro Obregón in summer 1915, and the United States aided Carranza in the Second Battle of Aguile in 1915. After Villa's debacle on the battlefield and because of his inability to buy arms and pay soldiers' salaries, a large portion of his army was left out. Angered at the United States' help to Carranza, Villa launched a raid on Columbus, New Mexico, causing the United States to invade Mexico in 1916–17. Despite a large army of troops and the latest military technology, the US was unable to capture Villa. When President Carranza was ousted from office in 1920, Villa negotiated an amnesty with interim President Adolfo de la Huerta and was given a landed estate on the condition that he resigned from politics. In 1923, he was assassinated. Despite the fact that his party did not win in the Revolution, he is one of the country's most influential and influential figures.

Villa, a writer who starred in Hollywood films and giving interviews to foreign journalists, most notably John Reed, helped shape his own image as a globally known revolutionary hero in life. He was excluded from the pantheon of revolutionary heroes until the Sonoran generals Obregón and Calles, who fought during the Revolution, were booted from the political stage, having been barred from politics after his death. Villa's derogation from the official story of the Revolution may have contributed to his burgeoning popular acclaim. He was born during the Revolution and then rose corridos, films about his life, and books by well-known writers. His remains were reburied in 1976 in the Monument to the Revolution in Mexico City during a major public ceremony.

Early life

Villa shared a number of troubling tales about his early life. He was born on June 5th, 1878, and named José Doroteo Arango Arango Arcade at birth, according to most. He received some education as an infant, but not in more than basic literacy. His father, Agustn Arango, was a sharecropper, and Micaela Arango was his mother. He grew up at the Rancho de la Coyotada, one of Durango's most important haciendas. The Casa de Pancho Villa historic museum in San Juan del Rio now houses the family's home. 64 Doroteo later claimed to be the son of the bandit Agustn Villa, but "the identity of his true father is also unknown," says at least one scholar. He was 64 years old, the eldest of five children. 58 He left school to help his mother after his father died, and he worked as a butcher, sancker, and foreman for a U.S. railway company. Memorias de Pancho Villa, a boy from Chihua, died shortly after stealing a horse and fleeing, but Agustn López Negrete, a thief, roamed the hills in Durango, where he stayed for 58 years. He later became a member of a rebel band in which he went by the name "Arango."

Pancho was arrested in 1902 by the rurales, the crack rural police force under President Porfirio D'az's crack police force, for stealing mules and assault. He was always given a death sentence on captured bandits because of his ties with the influential Pablo Valenzuela, who ostensibly was a recipient of goods loo loolked by Villa/Arango. Pancho Villa was forcibly inducted into the Federal Army, a tactic that was often used under the Diaz regime to combat troublemakers. Several months later, he vanished and escaped to Chihua, Mexico's neighbor. 58 In 1903, after killing an army officer and stealing his horse, he no longer was identified as Arango, but Francisco "Pancho" Villa after his paternal grandfather, Jes Villa, died. 58 However, some believe he appropriated the name from a Coahuila bandit. He was nicknamed "the cockroach" by his neighbors, La Cucaracha, or "the cockroach."

Villa is said to have alternated episodes of robbery with more legitimate interests before 1910. 58 He was employed as a miner at one point, but that did not have a huge effect on him. Villa's outlook on banditry changed after he met Abraham González, the local representative for presidential candidate Francisco Madero, who opposed the continued rule of Daz and told Villa that he could fight for the people and offend the hacienda owners.

Villa was 32 years old at the start of the Mexican Revolution in 1910.

Personal life

"Volence had never bothered with traditional family life in his lifetime," Villa's biographer Friedrich Katz wrote, and he married several marriages without seeking annulment or divorce. Villa married Mara Luz Corral on May 29th, 1911, who has been described as "the most articulate of his many wives." Villa met her while living in San Andrés, where Villa's headquarters for a brief period. Anti-Reelectionists sacked the locals for monetary contributions to their cause, which the two women were unable to afford. Corral, the widow, did not want to be a revolutionary and travelled to Villa, where she was able to make a small contribution to the cause. Villa demanded Luz Corral as his wife, but his mother was turned down; however, the two were married by a priest "in a grand ceremony attended by his military chiefs and a governor representative." In a series of photographs from the Revolution, Corral with Villa, 1914, has been published. With a rebozo beside a smiling Villa, it depicts a strong woman with her hair in a bun, wearing a floor-length embellished skirt, and a white blouse. Luz Corral's marriage to Villa was annulled twice in court, but the court heard that it was not valid. Villa and Luz Corral had just one child, a daughter, who died within a few years after birth.

Villa had long-term friendships with several women. Austreberta Rentera was Villa's "official wife" at his hacienda of Canutillo, and Villa had two sons with her, Francisco and Hipólito. Others were Soledad Seamez, Manuela Casas (with whom Villa had a son) and Juana Torres, who wed in 1913 and with whom he had a daughter.

Luz Corral was barred from Canutillo at the time of Villa's assassination in 1923. However, she was recognized by Mexican courts as Villa's legitimate wife and therefore the heir to Villa's estate. President Obegón intervened in the conflict between competing claims to Villa's landslide in Luz Corral's favour, perhaps because Villa threatened to murder him in 1914.

And after Villa's death, renter's and Sea-ez received very small government pensions decades after Villa's demise. Corral inherited Villa's estate and was instrumental in maintaining his public record. Both three women were often present at funerals at Villa's grave in Parral. Corral refused to attend the monumental ceremony when Villa's remains were moved in 1976 to the Monument to the Revolution in Mexico City. On July 6, 1981, she died at the age of 89.

Juan Nepomuceno Guerra, a legendary drug lord from the Gulf Cartel, is said to have killed Pancho Villa, the lieutenant colonel Octavio Villa Coss, in 1960.

Ernesto Nava, Villa's last living son, died in Castro Valley, California, at the age of 94 on December 31, 2009. Nava appeared in festival festivals in Durango, Mexico, enjoying celebrity status until he became too sick to attend.

Villa is often thought of as a "womanizer" in pop culture, but the gang rape in Namiquipa, a small town in the Mexican states of Chihua and Sonora, is also included in rapes and femicides. Namiquipa's rape spread around Chihua. According to some historians, crimes that did not commit were traced to him have been traced to him, in addition, his foes had always told false stories to raise his reputation as a "evil person" since there were instances of bandits who were not involved in the revolution and committed crimes that were later traced to Villa.

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