Nikola Tesla

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Nikola Tesla (1707-1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American physicist, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist who is best known for his contributions to the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system in the Austrian Empire.

In 1884, he immigrated to the United States, where he would become a naturalized citizen.

He spent a brief period at the Edison Machine Works in New York City before deciding to go on his own.

Tesla developed a variety of electrical and mechanical devices with the help of partners in finance and marketing his concepts.

His alternating current (AC) induction motor and related polyphase AC patents, which were licensed by Westinghouse Electric in 1888, earned him a considerable amount of money and became the main component of the polyphase system, which the company would eventually sell. Tesla conducted a variety of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators, electric discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging in the hopes of producing inventions he could patent and sell.

He also built a wireless-controlled boat, one of the first to be on display.

Tesla demonstrated his genius to celebrities and wealthy patrons in his lab, and was lauded for his showmanship at public lectures.

Tesla developed his plans for wireless lighting and worldwide wireless power transmission in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs throughout the 1890s.

In 1893, he made announcements about the possibility of wireless communication with his devices.

Tesla tried to bring these ideas to life in his incomplete Wardenclyffe Tower project, an intercontinental wireless communication and power transmitter, but ran short of funds before he could finish it.

Tesla lived in a string of New York hotels, leaving behind unpaid bills.

In January 1943, he died in New York City.

Tesla's career fell into relative anonymity after his demise, until 1960, when the GSI unit of magnetic flux density was named in his honor by the GM.

Tesla has seen a revival in popular interest since the 1990s.

Early years

On July 10, Nikola Tesla was born an ethnic Serb in the village of Smiljan, within the Military Frontier of the Austrian Empire (present day Croatia). [1856] September 28. Milutin Tesla (1819–1879), his father, was a priest of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Tesla's mother, uka Mandi (1822–1892), whose father, who was also an Eastern Orthodox Church priest, was an excellent at making home craft tools and electrical appliances, as well as the ability to memorize Serbian epic poems. There had never been a formal education at U.K.a. Tesla attributed his eidetic memory and creative abilities to his mother's genetics and influence. Tesla's ancestors came from western Serbia, near Montenegro.

Tesla was the fourth child in the country. He had three brothers, Milka, Angelina, and Marica, as well as Dane, the younger brother who was killed in a horse riding accident when Tesla was five years old. Tesla attended primary school in Smiljan, where he studied German, arithmetic, and religion. The Tesla family lived in Gospi, where Tesla's father served as the parish priest in 1862. Nikola completed primary school and middle school. Tesla went to Karlovac in 1870 to attend high school at the Higher Real Gymnasium in Frankfurt, Germany, as was normal in German schools within the Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier.

Tesla later stated that he became interested in electricity demonstrations by his physics professor. Tesla said that these "mysterious events" made him want to know "more of this amazing power." Tesla was able to do integral calculus in his head, causing his teachers to suspect him of cheating. He completed a four-year term in three years after graduating in 1873.

After graduating Tesla returned to Smiljan, but the cholera followed shortly, and the student was near death multiple times. Tesla's father, who had initially intended for him to enter the priesthood, has promised to enroll him in the best engineering school if he recovered from the illness.

Tesla avoided conscription in the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running southeast of Lika to Tomingaj, near Graac, for the next year. He wandered the mountains wearing a hunter's costume. Both physically and mentally, Tesla said that this contact with nature made him healthier. While in Tomingaj, he read many books, and later said that Mark Twain's books had enabled him to recover from his earlier illness.

He enrolled at Imperial-Royal Technical College in Graz in 1875 on a Military Frontier Scholarship. Tesla said he worked hard and received the highest grades possible, passed nine exams (nearly twice as many as required) and was given a letter of commendation from the dean of the technical faculty to his father, who said, "Your son is a star of first rank." Tesla emphasized his fascination with Professor Jakob Pöschl's detailed lectures on electricity, which included how he made suggestions on improving the efficiency of an electric motor that the professor was demonstrating. However, by his third year, he was struggling in class and never graduated, leaving Graz in December 1878. According to one biographer, Tesla wasn't studying and may have been banned from playing and womanizing.

After leaving school, Tesla's family didn't hear from him. Among his classmates, he had drowned in the nearby Mur River, but one of them ran into Tesla in Maribor in January, sharing the acquaintance with Tesla's family. It turned out that Tesla had been employed as a draftsman for 60 florins a month. Milutin finally found his son in March 1879, attempting to convince him to return home and resume his education in Prague. Tesla was released to Gospi later this month after being arrested for not having a residence permit. Tesla's father died of unspecified illness at the age of 60. In his old school in Gospi, Tesla taught a large class of students during the remainder of the year.

In January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles had enough funds to pay for his transfer from Gospi to Prague, where he was going to study. He arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University; he had never studied Greek, a compulsory subject; and he was an illiterate in Czech, another compulsory topic. Tesla did, however, take philosophy at the university as an examiner, but not receive grades for the courses.

Tesla came from Budapest, Hungary, in 1881, to work with Tivadar Puskás at a telegraph company, Budapest Telephone Exchange. Upon arrival, Tesla discovered that the company, which was then under construction, was not operational, so he became a draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office instead. The Budapest Telephone Exchange became operational within a few months, and Tesla was given the Chief Electrician position within a few months. Tesla made several changes to the Central Station machinery during his tenure as a result of his employment, including a claim to have developed a telephone repeater or amplifier that was never trademarked or publicly announced.

Personal life and character

Tesla was 6 foot 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds (64 kg), with virtually no weight difference between 1888 and 1926. Arthur Brisbane, a newspaper writer, had him characterized as "almost the tallest, almost the thinnest, and certainly the most important man who goes to Delmonico's regularly." He was an elegant, fashionable figure in New York City, meticulous in his grooming, clothes, and regimented in his daily activities, an appearance that he maintained in order to improve his company relationships. He was also described as having light eyes, "extroversive hands," and "noticeably large" thumbs.

Tesla read many books, memorizing complete books, and is said to have a photographic memory. Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin were all multiglots who spoke eight languages: Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin. Tesla recalled in his autobiography that he had a lot of inspiration. Tesla was consistently sick during his youth. Sometimes flashes of light would appear before his eyes, often with visions. Often, the visions were linked to a word or concept he might have encountered; at other times, they provided the solution to a specific problem he had encountered. He could picture an item in a realistic manner just by hearing the product's name. Tesla modelled an invention in his head, including all dimensions, before moving to the construction stage, a process that is sometimes called picture thinking. He did not draw drawings by hand, but rather worked from memory. Tesla had recurring flashbacks to events that had occurred before his time.

Tesla was a lifelong bachelor who had previously stated that his chastity was extremely helpful to his scientific abilities. He once said in earlier years that he didn't think he'd be worthy enough for a woman, considering that women are supreme in every way. In later years, his opinion began to sway when he noticed that women were trying to outdo men and make themselves more dominant. Tesla expressed skepticism about this "new woman" who believed that women were losing their femininity by trying to be in power. "In an interview with Galveston Daily News on August 10, 1924, he said, "In place of the soft-voiced, a gentlewoman of my reverent worship, has come a woman who believes that her greatest achievement in life is in making herself as well as possible like man." To me, the tendency of women to ignore man, supplanting the old spirit of cooperation with him in all aspects of life's affairs, is deeply concerning." Although Tesla told a reporter in later years that he sometimes felt that by not marrying, he had made too much of a sacrifice to his work, Tesla chose not to pursue or engage in any intimate relationships, instead finding all the stimulation he needed in his work.

Tesla was a social and adroit at secluding himself from his work. However, when he did participate in social life, many people spoke positively and applaudingly of Tesla. Robert Underwood Johnson portrayed him as possessing a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, compassion, and force." "His generous smile and nobility of bearing all pointed to the gentlemanly traits that were so embedded in his soul," his secretary Dorothy Skerrit said. "Eldom did one meet a scientist or engineer who was also a writer, a scholar, an appreciator of fine music, a linguist, and a connoisseur of food and drink," Tesla's companion wrote.

Francis Marion Crawford, Robert Underwood Johnson, Stanford White, Fritz Lowenstein, George Scherff, and Kenneth Swezey were all a good friend. Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain in middle age, and the two of them spent a lot of time together in his lab and elsewhere. Tesla's induction motor design was dubbed by Twain as the "most valuable patent since the telephone," according to Twain. Tesla met Indian Hindu monk Swami Vivekananda at a party hosted by actress Sarah Bernhardt in 1896. Vivekananda later wrote that Tesla said he could demonstrate mathematically the connection between matter and energy, something Vivekananda hopes would bring a scientific basis to Vedantic cosmology. Tesla befriended George Sylvester Viereck, a writer, essayist, mystic, and later, a Nazi propagandist. Viereck and his wife's dinner parties were held occasionally.

Tesla could be stern and openly condemn overweight people, such as when she fired a secretary due to her weight. He was quick to criticize clothing; on several occasions, Tesla told a subordinate to go home and change her clothing. Tesla contributed the only negative opinion to The New York Times when Thomas Edison died in 1931, buried in extensive coverage of Edison's life: he died in 1931.

Tesla said that no one could sleep more than two hours per night. However, he did confess to "dozing" from time to time "to recharge his batteries." Tesla developed a keen passion for billiards, chess, and card-playing during his second year of study at Graz, spending more than 48 hours at a table. Tesla was unemployed for 84 hours at his laboratory on one occasion. Kenneth Swezey, a journalist who had been befriended by Tesla, reported that Tesla rarely slept. Swezey recalled him one morning when Tesla called him at 3 a.m.: "I was sleeping in my bed like a ghost"... With pauses, [as he] worked out a problem] comparing one model to another, declaring; and when he realized the answer, he screamed out a ring.] "Suddenly, the telephone rang awakened me [as he] worked[ed] out a problem, comparing one theory to another, comparing one theory to another, commenting; and when he felt he'd arrived at the answer,

Tesla worked every day from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. or later, with dinner at just 8:10 p.m. at Delmonico's restaurant and then the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Tesla called the headwaiter, who then might have been the only one to serve him. "The meal was supposed to be ready at eight o'clock." He dined alone, except on the rare occasions when he would bring a meal to a group to fulfill his social obligations. Tesla then resumed his duties, many times before 3:00 a.m.

Tesla walked between 8 and 10 miles (13 and 16 km) per day for exercise. According to him, he trimmed his toes one hundred times per night, boosting his brain cells.

Now, isn't that wonderful?

In his later years, Tesla became a vegetarian, surviving on only milk, bread, honey, and vegetable juices.

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