Milos Forman

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Jan Tomá "Milo" Forman (Chester, Czech: [mlo]forman]; 1932-1932 – 19 April 2018) was a Czech and American film director, screenwriter, actor, and scholar who came to prominence in his native Czechoslovakia before emigrating to the United States in 1968.

Forman was a pivotal figure in the Czechoslovak New Wave. His 1967 film The Firemen's Ball was regarded as a biting satire on Eastern European Communism by film scholars and Czechoslovak officials. In the more progressive atmosphere of the Prague Spring, the film was first seen in theaters in his home country. However, it was later outlawed by the Communist government following the 1968 invasion by the Warsaw Pact nations. Forman was then forced to leave Czechoslovakia for the United States, where he continued making films, making wider critical and financial success. Jack Nicholson played One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) as a patient in a mental hospital. The film earned widespread acclaim, placing it second in history to receive all five major Academy Awards: Best Picture, Director, Screenplay, Actor in Leading Role, and Actress in Leading Role.

He produced the anti-war film Hair in 1978, which premiered at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. He produced Ragtime, the twentieth-century drama film starring a large ensemble cast in 1981. The film went on to earn eight Academy Award nominations. Amadeus (1984), based on the life of legendary classical musician Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart starring Tom Hulce and F. Murray Abraham, was his next film. Both the film and finance were highly regarded, earning eleven nominations, including for Best Picture and another win for Forman as Best Director. Forman earned his second Academy Award nomination for his film The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996).

During Forman's career, he earned two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival, Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival, a British Academy Film Award, a British Academy Film Award, David di Donatello Award, and the Czech Lion.

Early life

Milo Forman's childhood was marred by his parents' early death. Anna Formanová was killed in 1943 in the concentration camp Auschwitz, as well as his father Rudolf Forman, who was killed in 1944 in the concentration camp Mittelbau-Dora. He was raised by his relatives and friends of his parents. After attending grammar school in Náchod, he moved to a boarding school in Podbrady following the war's conclusion; among his classmates were Václav Havel and Jerzy Skolimowski;

Personal life

Forman was born in slav, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic) to Anna vábová Forman, who ran a summer hotel. Rudolf Forman, his biological father, believed him to be professor Rudolf Forman as a youth. His parents were members of a Protestant synagogue. Rudolf Forman, a member of the resistance, was arrested in Mittelbau-Dora in May 1944, a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp. According to another version, he died in Mittelbau-Dora during intercession. The mother of Forman had been murdered in Auschwitz in March this year. Forman said he didn't fully comprehend what had happened to them until he saw a video of the concentration camps when he was 16.

Forman was then raised by two uncles and family acquaintances. After the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia, his older brother Pavel was a painter 12 years his senior, and he immigrated to Australia. Forman later learned that his biological father was actually Otto Kohn, a Holocaust survivor, and Forman was thus a half-brother of mathematician Joseph J. Kohn.

Forman aspired to be a dramatic actor as a boy. He attended King George boarding school in Podbrady, where his classmates included Václav Havel, the Man brothers, and future film-makers Ivan Passer and Jerzy Skolimowski. He later studied screenwriting at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. He was assistant to Alfréd Radok, the maker of Laterna Magika. During the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in summer 1968, he and fellow filmmaker and friend Passer left Europe for the United States.

Jana Brejchová, a Czech movie actress, was Forman's first wife. When making tata (1957), they met. In 1962, the two families divorced. Forman's second wife, Czech actress and singer Vra Kradlová, had twin sons with him. In 1969, the two families disassociated. Their sons are Petr and Matj (b. b.) Both 1964 and 1964 were actors in the production. Forman married Martina Zboilová on November 28, 1999, and they also had twin sons Jim and Andy (born 1999).

Forman, a Columbia University professor of film, was a film scholar. Forman, a asteroid 11333 Forman, was named after him in 1996. In 1994, he wrote poetry and published the autobiography Turnaround. He died at Danbury Hospital in Warren, Connecticut, on Friday, April 13, 2018, age 86. He is laid to rest at New Warren Cemetery in Warren, Connecticut.

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Career

Forman, alongside cinematographer Miroslav Ondafor and a long-time friend from school Ivan Passer, shot the silent film Semafor about the Semafor theater. Audition, Forman's first important film, was a documentary about competing singers. Several Czech comedians were directed in Czechoslovakia by him. During the Prague Spring of 1968, he was in Paris negotiating the release of his first American film. He was fired by his employer, a Czech studio, so he decided to move to the United States. He moved to New York later in 1978 and co-chair (with his former instructor Frantiek Daniel) of Columbia University's film department. Future director James Mangold, whom he mentored at Columbia, was one of his protégés. Miroslav Ondek, a film director, worked with him on a daily basis.

Black Peter (1964)

Black Peter is one of the Czechoslovak New Wave's first and most representative films. At the Locarno International Film Festival, it received the Golden Leopard award.

It covers the first few days of a Czech teenager's working life. The aimless Petr (Ladislav Jakim) joins a busy self-service store in Czechoslovakia in 1964, but even as he approaches shoplifters, he is unable to confront them. He is also tongue-tied with Asa (Pavla Martnková) and the lectures on personal responsibility and the dignity of labour that his blustering father (Jan Vostril) delivers at home.

Loves of a Blonde (1965)

Loves of a Blonde is one of the Czech New Wave's best-known films and has received accolades at the Venice and Locarno film festivals. In 1967, it was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

The Firemen's Ball (1967)

This was Forman's first color film, and it was originally a Czechoslovak–Italian coproduction. It's one of the Czech New Wave's most well-known films. On the face of it, a naturalistic representation of an ill-fated social gathering in a provincial town has been seen by both film scholars and the then-authorities in Czechoslovakia as a biting commentary on East European Communism, which has resulted in the film being barred for many years in Forman's home country. The Czech word zhasnout (to turn lights off) in the film, as well as petty robbery, was used to describe the widespread asset stripping that occurred in the region in the 1990s.

It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film.

Taking Off (1971)

Taking Off at the Grand Prix at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival was Forman's first film in the United States, Taking Off won the Grand Prix. Lynn Carlin and Buck Henry appeared in the film, as well as Linnea Heacock as Jeannie. The film was critically panned, with Forman's finding work a challenge. Forman later said that it did so poorly that he ended up owing the studio $500.

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)

Despite the failure of Taking Off, producers Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz have been hired by Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz to handle Ken Kesey's cult film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Forman said they recruited him because they were within their price range. The adaptation starring Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher was a critical and commercial success. In the five most coveted categories, the film received Oscar nominations: Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Picture, and Best Adapted Screenplay. It was one of only three films in history to do so (alongside It Happened One Night and The Silence of the Lambs), Forman's fame was solidified long before the film was released.

Hair (1979)

Forman's long-awaited film adaptation of Hair, based on James Rado, Gerome Ragni, and Galt MacDermot's Broadway musical, was made possible by the success of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Treat Williams, John Savage, and Beverly D'Angelo were among the film's stars. The original musical's writers disowned it, and although it received rave reviews, it did not do well financially.

Ragtime (1981)

Milo Forman's 1981 American drama film, based on E.L. Doctorow's 1975 historical novel Ragtime, is a 1981 American drama film directed by Milo Forman.

Amadeus (1984)

Forman's next big achievement was an adaptation of Peter Shaffer's Amadeus. It starred Tom Hulce, Elizabeth Berridge, and F. Murray Abraham, retelling Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri. The film was internationally recognised and earned eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor (for Abraham).

Valmont (1989)

Forman's version of Pierre Choderlos de Laclos' book Les Liaisons dangereuses debuted on November 17, 1989. Stephen Frears' second film version from the same source material had been released the previous year and overshadowed Forman's version. Colin Firth, Meg Tilly, and Annette Bening appeared in the film.

Larry Flynt vs. The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996)

Forman's 1996 biographical film starring Larry Flynt gave Forman another directing Oscar nomination. Woody Harrelson, Courtney Love, and Edward Norton appeared in the film. Despite being critically acclaimed, it earned only $20 million at the box office, leaving just $20 million.

Man on the Moon (1999)

Andy Kaufman, a well-known actor and avant-garde comic who received a Golden Globe for his role) premiered on December 22, 1999. Danny DeVito, Courtney Love, and Paul Giamatti appeared in the film as well. Several actors from One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest appeared in the film, including Devincito.

Forman appeared in Norton's debut, Keeping the Faith, as the wise friend to Norton's befuddled priest.

Goya's Ghosts (2006)

Francisco Goya, a Spanish painter, appeared in this book on November 8, 2006 (an American-Spanish co-production). Natalie Portman, Javier Bardem, Stellan Skarsghrd, and Randy Quaid appeared in the film. It was a flop at the box office.

Forman and Josef kvoreck began adapting kvoreck's short story Eine kleine Jazzmusik for film in the late 1950s. The script, titled Kapela to vyhrála (The Band Won It), tells the tale of a student jazz band during Czechoslovakia's Nazi Occupation. The script was submitted to Barrandov Film Studios. Both actors had to rewrite the script, and the studio needed revisions, and the writer continued to rewrite the script. The whole venture was virtually scrapped, most likely due to changes at the top of the political scene, as kvoreck's book The Cowards was strongly attacked by communist politicians right before filming began. In the 1990s, Die Geschichte eine kleine Jazzmusik was portrayed as a television film. Forman and kvoreck cooperated again in the spring and summer of 1968 by jointly writing a script synopsis to produce a film version of The Cowards. The synopsis was translated into English after kvoreck fled the Warsaw Pact invasion, but no film was made.

Forman, Passer, and Papouek were writing a script about a soldier who was secretly living in Lucerna Palace in Prague in the mid-1960s. They became trapped writing the script and went to a village firemen's ball. Inspired by the play's success, the authors decided to scrap the script and instead write The Firemen's Ball.

Forman started writing a script with Thomas Berger based on his novel Vital Parts in the early 1970s.

Forman co-wrote a screenplay with Adam Davidson in the early 1990s. The film, titled Hell Camp, was about an American-Japanese love affair in the world of sumo wrestlers. TriStar Pictures and Photographs had funded the image just four days before the shooting due to the disapproving of the Japan Sumo Association, while Forman refused to make the changes required by the association.

Forman developed Ember, an early 2000s film project based on Hungarian novelist Sándor Márai's novel. The film was about two men from different social backgrounds who became allies in military school and then met again 41 years later. Sean Connery and Klaus Maria Brandauer, as well as Winona Ryder, appeared in Forman. Sean Connery and the Italian producer had a dispute months before shooting, and Connery was forced to leave the project. Forman was so confident that Sean Connery was the right actor for the role that he didn't want to shoot the film without him and had to cancel the project a few days before the shooting was scheduled to begin.

Forman, Jean-Claude Carriere, and Václav Havel (the former Czech president and writer who had attended school with Forman) were inspired by the French novelist Georges-Marc Benamou's book Ghost of Munich in the late 2000s. The tale takes a closer look at the events that occurred surrounding the Munich Agreement. Édouard Daladier, the French Prime Minister, was supposed to have been played by Mathieu Amalric's younger self, played by Gérard Depardieu. However, Pathé, the production company, was unable to finance the initiative.

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