Mercedes Sosa

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Haydée Mercedes Sosa (American Spanish) [memeses sosa] (no. : 9 July 1935 – October 4, 2009), also known as La Negra (lit. 'The Black One,' an affectionate name for people with a darker complexion in Argentina, was a Argentine singer who was popular in Latin America and several countries outside of the region. Sosa descended on Argentine folk music, becoming one of El nuevo cancionero's most prominent exponents. She gave rise to songs by several Latin American songwriters. People praised her music as the "voice of the voiceless ones."

During her last decade of life, Sosa appeared in venues including the Lincoln Center in New York City, the Théâtre Mogador in Paris, and the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City, as well as sell-out shows in Carnegie Hall and the Roman Colosseum. Her career spanned four decades, winning six Latin Grammy Awards (2000, 2003, 2004, 2009, and 2011), as well as a Latin Grammy Award for Best Folk Album in both 2004 and 2011. In 2000, she received the Premio Gardel, Argentina's most coveted musical award. She served as UNICEF's ambassador.

Life

Sosa was born in San Miguel de Tucumán, a northwestern Argentine province of mestizo originstry, on July 9, 1935. She was of French, Spanish, and Diaspora descent. Her parents, who never registered in the party, joined Peronist Socialism, and Gladys Osorio began her musical career in Provincia Tucuman under the name Gladys Osorio. She won a local radio station's singing competition in 1950 and was given a two-month contract. In 1959, she released La Voz de la Zafra, her first album. A 1965 performance at the Cosqun National Folklore Festival, where she was welcomed and led to the stage by fellow folk singer Jorge Cafrune — drew her to the attention of the Argentine audience.

Sosa and her first husband, Manuel Oscar Matus, with whom she had one son, were two of the main protagonists in Argentina's nuevo cancion movement (which was also known as nuevo cancionero). Canciones con Fundamento, a collection of Argentine folk songs, was her second album.

Sosa toured the United States and Europe in 1967 with a great success. She appeared and recorded extensively in later years, broadening her repertoire to include items from around Latin America.

Sosa released two concept albums in collaboration with composer Ariel Ramrez and lyricist Félix Luna: Cantata Sudamericana and Mujeres Argentinas, both 1970s (Argentine Women). Violeta Parra, a Chilean musician, was also recorded in 1971, including what was to be one of Sosa's most popular songs, Gracias a la Vida. Milton Nascimento of Brazil, Pablo Milanés, and Silvio Rodro, both from Cuba, also increased the success of songs written by her.

Argentina's political climate has gotten more bleak since Jorge Videla's military junta came to power in 1976. Sosa faced suicide threats against her and her family, but she refused to leave the country for many years. Sosa and all those attending the performance were searched and arrested on stage at a concert in La Plata in 1979. They were rescued as a result of international intervention. She was first banned in her own country and then moved to Paris and then Madrid.

Sosa returned from Europe in 1982, several months before the Falklands War, and gave a series of concerts at the Teatro Buenos Aires, where she invited many of her younger colleagues to share the stage. A double album of recordings from these performances became a best-selling item on the internet. Sosa continued to tour both in Argentina and abroad, appearing in such venues as the Lincoln Center in New York City and the Théâtre Mogador in Paris. By then, she had already been dubbed America's voice. She appeared in Argentina in 1998 in a period of poor health for a large portion of the 1990s. She appeared in Sistine Chapel in Vatican City in 1994. She sold out both Carnegie Hall in New York and the Colosseum in Rome in the same year in 2002.

She was a fan of Perón throughout her life, favoring leftist causes. She opposed President Carlos Menem, who served from 1989 to 1999, and she favors the election of Néstor Kirchner, who became president in 2003. Sosa was a UNICE Goodwill Ambassador for Latin America and the Caribbean.

Martha Argerich, Andrea Bocelli, David Broza, Jaime Roos, Jaime Roos, Jaime Battia, Francis Cabella, León Gieco, Nana Moustono, Jaime Roos, Rafael Negra, Mato Pérez, Luciano Correggi, Berno Pérez, Luz Casal, Gabel, Mato, San Francisco, Georg Pueco, Luca Durano, Tegna, Monte Netra, Martha Luz, Martha Negra, Maria Baez, Jaime, Jaime e, Jaime, Joseph, Jaime Naue, Jaime Pá, Juana, Berneco, Francisco Cabello, Jaime Roos, León, Nao Batti, Fieta, Naeta, Fazi, Gra, Jaime sta, Pueca, Seco, Santano Perpeta, Fietano Puer, Monta, Fieta, & Sangui, León, Mato Pae, Maetano Batti, Mato Perpeta Negro, Fieca, La Gra, Fietano Pueta Fe, Fiano Fie, etano Fietel, Vietano Sesma Fieta Rietano Pé, Fietano Sebas, Konsma Fietano Batti, Fiano Fie Riz, Fia Pecor, da Fietano Ko etano Figu, Julia Behrung, etano Pepe Rigua Mae Rie Pia, Iso, Teo Paver Rima Fietano Fiano Leo Pepe, San Juan José Mario Seo Fietano Baez, Kietano Pes, Mattetano Pepe, Luzi, Gietano Paz, Kair, Tetra, Pepe, Veson, Ferro Veloso Pepe, Simon Negri, Tepe, Jego, Fietano, Fietano Pepe, Andrea Broza, Fietano San Diego, Leo Seguro Venes, Kaitano Veloso, Vehuetano Vesper, Giovanni, Roberto Rietano, Vegar Fietano

Sosa appeared in Ariel Ramrez's Misa Criolla's 1999 film. Balderrama, her song, is included in the 2008 film Che, starring Benicio del Toro as the Argentine Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara.

Sosa was the founding co-chair of the Earth Charter International Commission.

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