James Clarence Mangan

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James Clarence Mangan, born James Mangan (Irish: Séamus Ó Mangáin; 1 May 1803, Dublin – 20 June 1849), was an Irish poet.

Early life

Mangan was born at Fishamble Street, Dublin, the son of James Mangan, a former hedge school teacher and native of Shanagolden, Co. Limerick, and Catherine Smith from Kiltale, Co. Meath. After marrying Smith, James Mangan took over a grocery business in Dublin owned by the Smith family, eventually becoming bankrupt as a result. Mangan described his father as having "a princely soul but no prudence", and attributed his family's bankruptcy to his father's suspect business speculations and tendency to throw expensive parties. Thanks to poor record keeping, inconsistent biographies, and his own semi-fictional and sensationalized autobiographical accounts, Mangan's early years are the subject of much speculation. However, despite the popular image of Mangan as a long-suffering, poor poet, there is reason to believe that his early years were spent in middle class comfort.

He was educated at a Jesuit school where he learned Latin, Spanish, French, and Italian. He attended three schools before the age of fifteen. Obliged to find a job in order to support his family, for seven years he was a scrivener's clerk and for three years earned meagre wages in an attorney's office, and was later an employee of the Ordnance Survey and an assistant in the library of Trinity College, Dublin.

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Literary career

In 1818, Mangan's first verses were published. Clarence, the middle name, appeared in 1820. He began translating German, a language he had learned himself in 1830, rather than strict transliterations. Goethe's translations are of note. His contributions to the Dublin University Magazine began in 1834. In 1840, he began translating from Turkish, Persian, Arabic, and Irish. He was also known for literary hoaxes; several of his "translations" are actually his own creations, such as Twenty Golden Years Ago, which are attributed to a certain Selber. Because his lifestyle made him ineffective at regular applications, his connection with The Dublin University Magazine was terminated.

He worked with patriotic journalists Thomas Davis and John Mitchel, who would write his biography. His poems were published in their newspaper The Nation. Mangan was paid a set amount for a time, but, as on other occasions, these ties were broken, and he continued to send verses to "The Country" even after Mitchel, who in 1848, began to punish The United Irishman.

Although his early poetry was often political, after the Famine, he began writing patriotic poems, including one called Dark Rosaleen, a translation of Róisn Dubh and A Vision of Connaught in the Thirteenth Century.

Dark Rosaleen, Siberia, Nameless One, A Vision of Connaught in the Thirteenth Century, The Funerals, To the Ruins of Donegal Castle, Pleasant Prospects for the Land-eaters, and The Woman of Three Cows are three of his best known poems. He wrote a short autobiography on the advice of his friend Charles Patrick Meehan, which comes close to mid-sentence. Since he mentions his narrative poem of the Italian Gasparo Bandollo, which was published in the Dublin University Magazine in May 1849, this must have been published in the last months of his life.

Mangan was a bleak and often difficult guy who suffered from mood swings, depression, and irrational worries, and he became a heavy drinker and opium user. Many people are describing his personal appearance at this point, none of which concern his spare figure, his tight blue cloak, his witch's hat, and his inevitable umbrella. He was often seen sporting "a large pair of green spectacles," padded shirts to hide his starvation, and a hat that "resembles those worn by broomstick-riding witches." He died at the age of 46 in 1849, despite poverty, alcoholism, and hunger. He was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery.

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