Georges Lemaitre
Georges Lemaitre was born in Charleroi, Wallonia, Belgium on July 17th, 1894 and is the Physicist. At the age of 71, Georges Lemaitre biography, profession, age, height, weight, eye color, hair color, build, measurements, education, career, dating/affair, family, news updates, and networth are available.
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Henri Joseph Lemaître (17 July 1894 – June 1966) was a Jesuit priest, mathematician, astronomer, and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Louvain.
He was the first to discover that the decrease of nearby galaxies can be explained by a theory of an expanding universe, which was observationally confirmed shortly afterwards by Edwin Hubble.
He was the first to derive what is now known as Hubble's law, or the Hubble–Lemaître bill, and he estimated the Hubble constant, which is now known as Hubble's law, two years before Hubble's book, in 1927.
Lemaître's later proposed what became known as the "Big Bang theory" of the universe's origins, first referring to it as the "hypothesis of the prime atom."
Early life
Lemaître began studying civil engineering at the Catholic University of Louvain at the age of 17. In 1914, he halted his studies to serve as an artillery officer in the Belgian army for the remainder of World War I. He was given the Belgian War Cross with palms at the end of hostilities.
He studied physics and mathematics and began to prepare for the diocesan priesthood, not for the Jesuits. He obtained his doctorate in 1920 with a thesis entitled l'Approximation des fonctions de nombreuses variables (Approximation of various real variables), which was written under the direction of Charles de la Vallée-Poussin. Cardinal Désiré-Joseph Mercier ordained him a priest on September 22, 1923.
He became a research associate in astronomy at the University of Cambridge in 1923, spending a year at St Edmund's House (now St Edmund's College, University of Cambridge). Arthur Eddington, a devout Quaker and physicist who introduced him to modern cosmology, astronomy, and numerical analysis, was employed there. Harlow Shapley, who had just renown for his work on nebulae, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he registered for the doctoral program in sciences, spent the next year at Harvard College Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Career
On his return to Belgium in 1925, he began to work as a part-time lecturer at the Catholic University of Louvain, launching the study "Un Univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radial defaciliation" ("A homogeneous Universe of steady mass and growing radius, which was later to bring him international fame. He derived from General Relativity's latest claim that the universe is expanding in this article. And though Lemaître was the first to issue an observational estimate of Hubble's constant, Hubble's law was later announced as Hubble's. Einstein's first state of a finitely sized static universe was believed to be his own model. The paper had no impact because the journal in which it was released was not widely read by astronomers outside of Belgium. Arthur Eddington reportedly helped translate the article into English in 1931, but the section relating to the estimation of the "Hubble constant" was not included in the translation for reasons that remained unknown for a long time. This subject was first defined by Mario Livio in 2011 as translating the paper for the Royal Astronomical Society in favor of articles of younger research on the subject, although by that time Hubble's estimates had already improved on Lemaître's estimates.
Einstein, who did not disagree with Lemaître's mathematics, refused to accept that the universe was expanding; Lemaître's remark: "Your calculations are correct, but your physics are horrific"; According to the theory of relativity, Lemaître returned to MIT to present his doctoral thesis on the gravitational field in a fluid medium of uniform invariant density. He was elected ordinary professor at the Catholic University of Louvain after obtaining his PhD.
Arthur Eddington wrote a long article on Lemaître's 1927 article, which Eddington described as a "brilliant answer" to the nagging cosmological puzzles. In 1931, the original paper appeared in an abbreviated English translation, as well as a Lemaître sequel reacting to Eddington's remarks. Lemaître was then invited to London to attend a British Association conference on the link between the physical universe and spirituality. He suggested that the universe grew from an initial point, which he referred to as the "Primeval Atom." In a paper published in Nature, he proposed the theory. In the December 1932 issue of Popular Science, Lemaître's essay appeared in an article for the general reader on science and technology. Lemaître's theory became well-known as the "Big Bang theory," a playfully coined during a 1949 BBC radio broadcast by astronomer Fred Hoyle, who was a promoter of the steady state universe and remained so until his death in 2001.
Lemaître's plan was met with suspicion by his fellow scientists. Lemaître's notion of discomfort was offputting to Eddington. Einstein believed it unjustified from a physical standpoint, but he encouraged Lemaître to investigate the possibility of non-isotropic expansion models, so it's clear he wasn't entirely dismissive of the theory. Einstein echoed Lemaître's argument that Einstein's model of a static universe could not be sustained into the infinite past.
With Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, Lemaître discovered that the intensity of cosmic rays increased with latitude because these charged particles are interfacing with the Earth's magnetic field. Lemaître and Vallarta used the MIT differential analyzer computer, which was developed by Vannevar Bush, to conduct their calculations. They also worked on a theory of primary cosmic radiation and applied it to their research into the sun's magnetic field and the planet's rotation.
Lemaître and Einstein met in Brussels in 1927 at the time of a Solvay Conference; in 1932 in Belgium; in 1935, at Princeton, and in 1935 at the Luxembourg. Einstein erupted, applauded, and is expected to have said, "This is the most beautiful and convincing explanation of creation to which I've ever listened" at the California Institute of Technology in 1933. However, this quote in the newspapers of the day may have been mischaracterized as such, but it could have been that Einstein did not refer to the theory as a whole, but only to Lemaître's assertion that cosmic rays could be the missing artifacts of the initial "explosion."
Lemaître, who resumed his speculation of the expanding universe and unveiled a more elaborate version in the Annals of the Scientific Society of Brussels in 1933, received his highest public esteem. Newspapers around the world characterized him as a leading figure of the new cosmological physics. Lemaître served as a visiting professor at The Catholic University of America in 1933.
Cardinal Josef Van Roey appointed him on July 27, 1935, making him the first canon of the Malines cathedral.
He was elected a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 and served as its president from March 1960 to his death.
He was elected a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of Belgium in 1941. He published his book L'Hypothèse de l'Atome Primitif in 1946 (The Prime Minister Atom Hypothesis). In 1950, it was translated from Spanish to English, and then into English.
Lemaître regarded his contribution to Catholic teaching on the origins of the universe as neutral, with neither a link nor a Faithful interpretation; as a devoted Catholic priest, Lemaître was opposed to mixing science with faith, but he denied that the two fields were not in conflict.
He gradually reduced part of his teaching workload during the 1950s, effectively ending it when he first obtained emeritus status in 1964. He formed the ACAPSUL movement in 1962, despite being strongly opposed to the expulsion of French speakers from the Catholic University of Louvain.
He was invited by Pope John XXIII to serve on the Pontifical Commission on Birth Control's 4th session during the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65. However, Lemaître remarked on the fact that his health made it impossible for him to travel to Rome, he suffered a heart attack in December 1964, making it impossible for him to travel to Rome. Père Henri de Riedmatten, a Dominican colleague, told him that leaving outside of his field of expertise was risky for a mathematician. He was also named domestic prelate (Monsignor) by Pope John XXIII in 1960.
He had been increasingly dedicated to numerical estimation by the time of his life. He was a brilliant algebraic and arithmetic calculator. Since 1930, he had been using the Mercedes-Euklid, one of the time's most advanced calculating machines. He was first introduced to Burroughs E 101, the University's first electronic computer. Lemaître's interest in the creation of computers and, in the case of language and computer programming, was strong.
He died on June 20, 1966, shortly after being alerted of the finding of cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided more support for his theory of the universe's origins.