Franz Marc

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Franz Moritz Wilhelm Marc (February 8, 1880–March 4, 1916), a German painter and printmaker who was one of Germany Expressionism's most influential figures.

He was a founding member of Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a journal whose name later became synonymous with the circle of artists participating in it.

Early life

Franz Marc was born in Munich, Bavaria's then capital. Wilhelm Marc's father, Wilhelm Marc, was a landscape painter, and his mother, Sophie, was a homemaker and a virulent, socially liberal Calvinist. As his older brother Paul did, Marc decided to study theology at the age of 17. He enrolled in Munich University's arts program two years ago, but not for long. He was first required to serve in the military for a year, but after that, in 1900, he began studying at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, where his teachers included Gabriel von Hackl and Wilhelm von Diez. He spent time in France between 1903 and 1907, visiting the museums in the city, and copying several paintings, a traditional way for artists to study and develop technique. Marc spent time in Paris, meeting many artists and actress Sarah Bernhardt. He developed a strong affinity for painter Vincent van Gogh's work. He stopped attending the Academy of Fine Arts after the 1903 trip.

Marc was involved in a number of tumultuous relationships in his 20s, including one with Annette Von Eckardt, a married antique dealer nine years his senior, during his lifetime. He married twice, first to Marie Schnür and then to Maria Franck; both were artists.

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Career

Marc and his elder brother Paul, a Byzantine expert, travelled to Thessaloniki, Mount Athos, and several other Greek destinations in 1906. Marc formed an important friendship with artist August Macke a few years ago, in 1910. Marc painted Nude with Cat and Grazing Horses in 1910 and displayed works in the Neue Künstlervereinigung's second exhibition (New Artists' Union, of which Marc was briefly a member) at the Thannhauser Galleries in Munich.

Marc founded the Der Blau Reiter journal in 1911, which became the center of an artist circle, alongside Macke, Wassily Kandinsky, and others who had decided not to separate from the Neue Künstlervereinigung movement. Although Marc displayed several of his works in the first Der Blau Reiter exhibition at the Thannhauser Galleries in Munich between December 1911 and January 1912, the exhibition also appeared in Berlin, Cologne, Hagen, and Frankfurt, Germany. Marc met Robert Delaunay in 1912, who's use of color and the futurist technique had a major influence on Marc's work; fascinated by futurism and cubism, Marc created art that was increasingly minimalist, painting natural abstract forms that found spiritual value in color. In 1912, he painted The Tiger and Red Deer, The Foxes, and Fate of the Animals.

Marc was drafted into the Imperial German Army as a cavalryman during World War I in 1914. He had gravitated to military camouflage by February 1916, as shown in a letter sent to his wife by his wife. His tactic of obscuring artillery from aerial observation was to paint canvas covers in a broadly pointillist style. He enjoyed making a series of nine tarpaulin covers in styles ranging from Manet to Kandinsky, suspecting that the former could be the most effective against aircraft flying at 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) or higher.

The government selected famous artists to be banned from combat for their own protection after mobilization of the German Army. Marc was on the list, but he was struck in the head and killed immediately by a shell splinter during the 1916 Battle of Verdun, before orders for reassignment could reach him.

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