Dennis Gabor

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Dennis Gabor (5 June 1900 – 9 February 1979) was a Hungarian-British electrical engineer and physicist, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics.Gábor Dénes College in Budapest, Hungary, is named after him in honour of his works.

Personal life

On 8 August 1936 he married Marjorie Louise Butler with whom he lived in a harmonious marriage. They did not have any children.

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Life and career

Gabor was born in Budapest, Hungary, as Günszberg Dénes. His family converted to Lutheranism in 1918. Dennis was the first-born son of Günszberg Bernát and Jakobovits Adél. Despite having a religious background, faith played a small part in his later life, and he referred to himself as agnostic. The family moved from Günszberg to Gábor in 1902, when they were given permission to rename their surnames. During World War I, he served with the Hungarian artillery in northern Italy. He began his studies in engineering at the Technical University of Budapest in 1918, later in Germany, at Berlin's Charlottenburg Technical University, which is now known as the Technical University of Berlin. He analyzed the characteristics of high voltage electric transmission lines by using cathode-beam oscillographs, sparking his interest in electron optics at the start of his career. Gabor was led to other electron-beam instruments, such as electron microscopes and TV tubes, after investigating the basic functions of the oscillograph. With the Cathode Ray Oscillograph in 1927, he completed his PhD thesis on Recording Transients in Electric Circuits and worked on plasma lamps.

Gabor fled from Nazi Germany, where he was deemed Jewish, in 1933 and was invited to Britain to work at the British Thomson-Houston company in Rugby, Warwickshire. He met Marjorie Louise Butler during his time in Rugby, and the two married in 1936. He became a British citizen in 1946, and he invented holography in 1947 while working at British Thomson-Houston. He experimented with a highly filtrated mercury arc light source. However, the first coherent light source was only developed in 1964 following the invention of the laser in 1960. Following this, holography became widely available.

Gabor's studies centered on electron inputs and outputs, which culminated in the development of re-holography. The basic idea was that for fine optical imaging, the full picture of all the data must be used; not just the amplitude, as in traditional optical imaging, but also the phase. A complete holospatial picture can be obtained in this manner. In a series of papers published between 1946 and 1951, Gabor discussed his re-holography.

Gabor also investigated how human beings communicate and hear; the result of his findings was the discovery of granular synthesis, although Greek composer Iannis Xenakis claimed that he was the first synthesis engineer. Gabor's work in these and other fields was instrumental in the creation of time-frequency analysis.

Gabor went from Rugby to Imperial College London in 1948 and then became a professor of Applied Physics until his retirement in 1967. In the penultimate chapter of his book Cybernetics, Norbert Wiener's treatment of self-reproducing machines inspired him.

Gabor's book Inventing the Future, which addressed three major threats Gabor faced to modern life: war, overpopulation, and the Age of Leisure. "The future cannot be predicted," the book said, but futures can be invented." "His basic idea is that we can't predict the future, but we can invent it," reviewer Nigel Calder said. Innovations: biological, technological, and social, his fourth book, which was released in 1970, expanded on some of the subjects he had already discussed, while still referring to the importance of both liberation and destruction.

In 1971, he was the sole recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics with the motivation "for his discovery and refinement of the holographic technique." He also discussed the history of holography in his Nobel lecture from 1948.

During his time in Rome, he remained involved with Imperial College as a senior research fellow and later became a staff scientist with CBS Laboratories in Stamford, Connecticut; there, he collaborated with CBS Labs' president Dr. Peter C. Goldmark in several new schemes of communication and display; he spent much of his retirement as an Italian scholar and also became an embedded scientist. Gabor Hall, one of Imperial College's new halls of residence in Prince's Gardens, Knightsbridge, has been named in honor of Gabor's contributions to Imperial College. He began an interest in social analysis and published The Mature Society: a snapshot of the future in 1972. He later joined the Club of Rome and supervised a research group that looked at energy sources and technological transition. The findings of this group were published in the journal Beyond the Age of Waste in 1978, an early warning of several topics that would not be widely distributed until later.

Gabor achieved global fame and admiration during his lifetime thanks to the rapid development of lasers and a slew of holographic applications (e.g., illustration, data storage, and pattern recognition), and a growing number of holographic styles. Other than the Nobel Prize, he has been given numerous accolades.

Gabor died in a nursing home in South Kensington, London, on February 9, 1979. On No. 5, a blue plaque was installed in 2006. 79 Queen's Gate in Kensington, where he lived from 1949 to the early 1960s, was where he lived.

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