Daniel O'Connell

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Daniel O'Connell (Irish: Dónall; Conaill, 6 August 1775 – May 1847), commonly known as The Liberator or The Emancipator, was an Irish political figure in the first half of the 19th century.

He fought for Catholic emancipation, which included the right for Catholics to vote in the Westminster Parliament, which was delayed for more than 100 years, as well as the removal of the Acts of Union, which unified Great Britain and Ireland. O'Connell, who served in Irish politics, was able to build a large following among the Irish people in favor of him and his Catholic Association throughout his lifetime.

O'Connell's primary aim was one of political reformism, involved in the democratic institutions of the British state in Ireland, and building a coalition of convenience with the Whigs.

The Young Ireland campaign emerged after more radical elements joined O'Connell to form the Young Ireland movement.

Early and professional life

O'Connell was born near Carhan, County Kerry, to the O'Connells of Derrynane, a wealthy Roman Catholic family that had only been able to keep property under Penal Laws because of Protestant trustees and the forbearance of their Protestant neighbors. Morgan O'Connell and Catherine O'Mullane were his parents. Eibhln Dubh N Chonaill was an aunt; and Daniel Charles, Count O'Connell, an Irish Brigade officer in the service of the King of France (and 12 years as a prisoner of Napoleon), an uncle. O'Connell grew up in Derrynane House, the home of his bachelor uncle, Maurice "Hunting Cap" O'Connell, who made the young O'Connell his heir presumptive heir.

O'Connell and his elder brother Maurice were sent by 1791 to continue their training in France at what is now Downside School, under his uncle's patronage. The students, who were branded "new priests" and "little aristocrats," persuaded them in January 1793 to leave their Jesuit college in Douai, amid radical upheaval and their mob's debnaming as "new priests" and "little aristocrats." They soaked in the blood of Louis XVI, the late executed king, crossing the English Channel with brothers John and Henry Sheares who held a handkerchief soaked. According to reports, the event left O'Connell with a lifelong opposition to mob rule and violence.

O'Connell returned to Ireland in 1795 after further legal studies in London, including a studentship at Lincoln's Inn. Although maintaining the Oath of Supremacy, which barred Catholics from parliament, the judiciary, and the top government of state, Henry Grattan's third Catholic Relief Act of 1793 had given them the opportunity on the same limited terms as Protestants and shaved some of the remaining obstacles to professional advancement. However, O'Connell, a wealthy and wealthy minority, was still of the view that the entire strategy of the Irish Parliament and the London-appointed Dublin Castle executive was to repress the people and maintain the ascendancy of a wealthy and wealthy minority.

O'Connell was summoned to the Irish Bar on May 19th, 1798. The United Irishmen's ill-fated rebellion took place four days later. O'Connell, a young boy, aspires to have been a United Irishman near the end of his life. When asked how he could be reconciled with his service with the government's volunteer Yeomanry (the Lawyers Artillery Corps), he said that in '98, the entire party was so defeated that the only chance of doing anything for the people was to affect ultra loyalties.'

O'Connell seemed to have little faith in the United Irish conspiracy or in their hopes of French intervention. He was largely immune to the uprising in Kerry's homeland. Robert Emmet was executed in Dublin in 1803 for trying an abolition but O'Connell condemned him for so much bloodshed, Emmett had forfeited any claim to "compassion."

O'Connell followed private law in the decades that followed, and although always in debt, he had the most significant wealth of any Irish barrister. He hoped to triumph in court by refusing deference, showing no hesitation in researching and exploiting a judge's personal and intellectual deficiencies. He was long ranked below the less respected Queen's Counselors, a position that was not accessible to Catholics until late in his career. However, when he was first offered the position of Master of the Rolls, he turned down the senior judiciary role.

Mary O'Connell, O'Connell's third cousin, was born in 1802. He did so in defiance of his patron, Maurice Maurice, who believed his nephew should have sought out a heiress. They had four children (three of whom survived), Ellen (1805-1891), Elizabeth (1810-1879), and four sons and four daughters. Morgan (1803-1853), Maurice (1804-1885), John (1810-1858), and Daniel (1816-1897), all of whom were likely to join their father as Members of Parliament. Despite O'Connell's early infidelities, the marriage was a success, and Mary's death in 1837 was a tragedy in which her husband is said never to have recovered.

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