Amy Lowell

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Amy Lawrence Lowell (February 9, 1874-1874 – May 12, 1925) was an American poet of Brookline, Massachusetts.

In 1926, she received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry posthumously.

Life

Amy Lowell was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 9, 1874, and she was the niece of Augustus Lowell and Katherine Bigelow Lowell. Persil Lowell, an astronomer and law scholar who worked in Brahmin Lowell, and Elizabeth Lowell, an early promoter of prenatal care, were among the Brahmin Lowell family and her siblings, as well as Elizabeth Lowell, an early advocate for maternal care. They were John Lowell's grandsons and Abbott Lawrence's grandchildren, on their mother's side.

For the adolescent Amy Lowell, school was a point of great sadness. She was a social outcast and thought she was going to be developing "masculine" and "ugly" functions. She was known among her peers for being outspoken and opinionated.

Lowell did not attend college because her family did not believe it was appropriate for a woman to attend. She made up for her reading fixation with a zealous reading spree and near-obsessive book stacking. She was a socialite and traveled a lot, converting to poetry in 1902 (aged 28) after being inspired by Eleonora Duse's appearance in Europe. Lowell started a career as a poet in the 1930s and became an ardent student and mentor of the craft.

Lowell was rumored to be lesbian, and actress Ada Dwyer Russell and actress Ada Dwyer Russell were supposed to be lovers in 1912. Russell is rumored to be the subject of Lowell's more erotic works, most notably the love poems included in 'Two Speak Together', a strand of Pictures of the Floating World. Lowell and the two women travelled to England together, where Lowell encountered Ezra Pound, who at one time was a prominent influence and a leading critic of her work. Lowell's embrace of Imagism was considered a kind of hijacking of the movement by Pound. Lowell has been linked romantically to writer Mercedes de Acosta, but the only indication of any contact between them is a brief talk about a proposed memorial for Duse.

Lowell was a short but imposing figure who wore her hair in a bun and wore a pince-nez.

As newspapers of the day often reported, Lowell openly smoked cigarettes. She was always overweight due to a glandular disease. Poet Witter Bynner once said that she was a "hippopoetess," in a remark often attributed to Ezra Pound. And after her death, her followers defended her. In his obituary tribute to Amy, Heywood Broun wrote one rebuttal. "She was on the surface of things a Lowell, a New Englander, and a spinster," he wrote. However, everything inside was molten like the earth's center. Amy Lowell would have burst into flame and been consumed to ashes if given one more gram of emotion.

Lowell died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1925 at the age of 51, and is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery. She was named Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for What's O'Clock the year after. Louis Untermeyer said "Lilacs" was the poem of her mother's that she liked most in the collection.

In 1910, Atlantic Monthly published her first published work. A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass's first published collection of her poetry appeared two years ago in 1912. An additional collection of uncollected poems was included in the volume The Complete Poetical Works of Amy Lowell, which was published in 1955 with an introduction by Untermeyer, who referred to herself as her friend.

Lowell, although she occasionally wrote sonnets, was an early adopter of poetry's "free verse" style and one of the major champions of the technique. In the final chapter of "Tendencies in Modern American Poetry," she wrote, "the definition of vers libre is a verse-formal based on cadence," she said in her preface to "Sword Blades and Poppy Seed" in the North American Review in January 1917; and also in The Dial (January 17, 1918). To learn vers libre, one must give up on all desire to know how to determine the metric feet's even beat. When reading aloud by an intelligent reader, one must allow the lines to flow as they will be read aloud. Or, to put it another way, unrhymed cadence is "built upon 'organic rhythm,' or the flow of the speaking voice with its requirement for breathing rather than a rigid metric system. No absolute rules are applicable to the free verse within the context of its own law of cadence; it would not be 'free' if it had been.

"She was not only a disturber but an awakener," Untermeyer writes. Lowell dismisses line breaks in several poems so that the poem seems to be prose on the page. "Polyphonic prose" was a term she coined.

Lowell was a promoter of both contemporary and historical poets throughout her career. Fir-Flower Poets, her book, was a poetic re-working of literal translations of ancient Chinese poets, particularly Li Tai-po (701–762). Her writing also included critical studies of French literature. At the time of her death, she was attempting to finish her two-volume biography of John Keats (work on which had long been stuggish due to F. Holland Day's noncooperation, as her private collection of Keats contained Fanny Brawne's letters to Frances Keats). "The stigma of oddness is the price a myopic world always exacts of genius," Lowell wrote of Keats.

Lowell's book was not limited to her own work, but also that of other writers. She "captured" the Imagist movement from Ezra Pound, according to Untermeyer. Pound threatened to sue her for bringing out her three-volume collection Some Imagist Poets, but the American Imagists were dubbed the "Amygist" movement later. Pound dismissed her as not an imagist, but rather a wealthy woman who was able to financially support the publication of imagist poetry. She said that Imagism was weak before she took it up, while others said it became poor after Pound's "exile" toward Vorticism.

During her career, Lowell wrote at least two poems about libraries, "The Bibliothek" and "The Congressional Library." In her essay "Poetry, Imagination, and Education," she includes a discussion of libraries.

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