Saad Hariri

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Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri (born 18 April 1970) is a Lebanese politician who has served as Lebanon's Prime Minister since December 2016.

He served as Prime Minister from November 2009 to June 2011.

He is the second son of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri, who was assassinated in 2005.

Hariri has also served as the leader of the Future Movement party since 2005.

He is regarded as the "strong figurehead" of the March 14 Alliance.

After three years of expereince in the United Kingdom, he returned to Lebanon on August 8th, 2014, and was named Prime Minister on November 3rd.

Hariri's surprise announcement of an intention to resign, which was broadcast on Saudi state television on November 4th, has been widely seen as part of the Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy war in Lebanon and sparked a conflict between Lebanon and Saudi Arabia.

Following President Michel Aoun's instruction to "put it on hold pending further discussions," the resignation was later suspended.

Hariri resigned and that of his cabinet on October 29, 2019, amid continuing Lebanese demonstrations.

Early years

Saad Hariri was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on April 18th, 1970, and is the son of Rafic Hariri and his first wife, Nidal Bustani, an Iraqi woman from Mosul's city. Hariri speaks English, French, and Italian in addition to his native Arabic. He graduated from the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University in 1992 with a degree in business administration.

Personal life

Saad Hariri, born in 1970 in Riyadh, is Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri and his first wife Nidal Bustani, an Iraqi. Bahaa Hariri (born 1967) and his older brother Houssam Hariri have died young in a traffic crash. His father, who died before his parents divorced, married Nazik Hariri (née Audi) in 1976. Saad Hariri has two half-brothers and one half-sister from his father's second marriage: Ayman Hariri (born 1978), Fahd Hariri (born 1984), and Hind Hariri, a sister (born 1984).

Hariri holds multiple citizenship: Lebanese, Saudi Arabia, and French. Bashir Al Azem, the daughter of Bashir Al Azem, a wealthy and influential Syrian construction magnate, married Lara Al Azem in 1998. They have three children: Houssam (born 1999), Loulwa (born 2001), and Abdulaziz (born 2005).

In 2007, French President Jacques Chirac awarded Saad Hariri the Légion d'honneur, a French order of merit.

Hariri lived in Paris from 2011 to 2014 for security reasons and then returned to Lebanon on August 8, 2014.

In 2011, he was reported to have a net worth of $2 billion. His net worth is estimated to be $1.36 billion as of May 2018.

Hariri allegedly paid his South African energy drink saleswoman and escort Candice van der Merwe a $16 million cash donation after meeting her in the Seychelles in 2013. In 2019, South African courts sued van der Merwe for failing to pay income taxes on the sum, despite her assertion that it was a gift.

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Political career

The Hariri family reported on Monday that Saad Hariri would lead the Future Movement, which was essentially Sunni movement started and led by his late father. He was the leader of the March 14 Alliance, a group of political parties born out of the Cedar Revolution who saw mass popular demonstrations and Western support that culminated in the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon in 2005, after a 29-year presence.

Hariri was first elected prime minister from 9 November 2009 to June 11, 2011.

The opposition parties resigned from his unity government cabinet on January 12, 2011, just minutes after Hariri posed for photographs with President Barack Obama in the Oval Office. Hezbollah and its allies were forced to resign from investigations into Rafic Hariri's assassination. Rafic Hariri had been suspected of assassinating Hezbollah agents, according to Hezbollah workers.

Hariri continued as the Prime Minister of the United States for four months. On June 13, 2011, the new Lebanese government was established and led by Najib Mikati. Mikati led an 8-March government coalition.

Syria issued a warrant on December 12 for the detention of Hariri, Future bloc deputy Okab Sakr, and Free Syrian Army official Louay Almokdad on suspicion of armeding and assisting Syrian opposition groups. Hariri issued a statement in reaction referring to Bashar al-Assad as a "monster."

Michel Aoun was elected after more than two years of uncertainty in choosing a president. Aoun released a decree naming Hariri as the Prime Minister for the second time shortly after, and he took office on December 18th.

Hariri resigned from office on November 4, 2017, citing Iran's and Hezbollah's political over-extension in the Middle East region and fears of assassination. Iran vehemently condemned Saad Hariri's remarks and described his resignation as part of a conspiracy between the US, Israel, and Saudi Arabia to heighten Middle Eastern tensions. The Lebanese Army issued a statement that intelligence in addition to continuing detention and probes had not revealed that there was no evidence pointing to any strategy for assassination in the region."

The majority of Iran-leaning or Shia-aligned Lebanese groups, including Hezbollah, were among the first to suspect Saudi Arabia of abducting Hariri prisoners; Hariri's associates and Saudi officials denied this. Several Lebanese commentators mocked Hariri's unveiled photos in Saudi Arabia for their apparent resemblance to those taken as hostages. Michael Young, an anti-Hezbollah blogger, said he did not believe Hariri was a real hostage of the Saudi regime, but that the situation revealed Hariri's close ties with them. However, Lebanese-American political scientist As'ad AbuKhalil claimed that the Saudis had been jailed and physically strained Hariri before he was ordered to announce his resignation. Hariri was on his way from Saudi Arabia to the UAE in November, according to the news. Hariri's own media outlet announced that he would then travel to Bahrain and later back to Beirut, but that both of these trips were canceled and he was sent back to Riyadh. Hariri's allies, who usually identified with Saudi Arabia, joined the other groups in their displeasure with Hariri's freedom being restricted by Saudi Arabia. The majority of the Lebanese government had requested his exile. "Lebanon does not accept its prime minister being in a situation at odds with international treaties and the common rules in relations between states," Lebanese President Michel Aoun tweeted on November 11: "Lebanon does not accept its prime minister being in a situation that is at odds with international treaties and the consistency rules in relations between states."

Hariri left France later in November to speak with French President Emmanuel Macron. Macron has asked that he bring his wife and children along. Hariri's French citizenship enabled him to make such a request. Hariri resigned on Monday, according to Hariri, who appeared in Beirut on November 21. President Michel Aoun had ordered him to "put it on hold until further consultations," he said. He refused to comment on what happened in Saudi Arabia and said that no details would be revealed as a result of the case. On December 5, he resigned as a minister of Syria and stated that all members of the government had decided to remain out of conflicts in Arab countries.

A strong resistance movement began calling for increased accountability and transparency in politics in mid-October 2019. The Lebanese people were widely viewed as bloated by his administration. Hariri resigned on October 29th as a concession, saying, "This is in response to the will and request of the thousands of Lebanese demanding change." President Michel Aoun accepted the resignation the next day, but he requested that Hariri retain power until a replacement was appointed. Hassan Diab, the former education minister, was appointed to the position on January 21, 2020. Diab resigned in the aftermath of the Beirut explosion on August 10, 2020, due to growing political pressure and rage at the Lebanese government for their inability to avoid the disaster, which was exacerbated by internal political instability and upheavals throughout the region.

After Diab, Hariri, and the Prime Minister's club sacked him, Lebanese Ambassador Mustapha Adib was favored to replace him as the next Prime Minister. Despite being named by 90 percent of 120 MPs on August 30, the senator resigned three weeks later after struggling to form a new cabinet.

Hariri declared in an interview that he is "definitely a candidate" for the position, and that other political parties should not waste what is referred to as the "French Initiative." Saad Hariri was reappointed Prime Minister on October 22nd. He was supported by his Future Movement, PSP, and Amal Movement, which got 65 percent, 4 less than his predecessor Diab, on his behalf, although Hezbollah, Free Patriot Movement, and Lebanese Forces did not endorse him.

He has yet to establish a cabinet after 734 days and 18 meetings with Aoun. In January 2021, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in Egypt, and Mohammed bin Zayed visited Abu Dhabi several times. Hariri has been chastised for spending a significant amount of time outside Lebanon, but the absence of a government has exacerbated the country's financial crisis, and his trips were seen as an effort to compensate the Saudi Arabian support.

The exchange rate soared 15,000 Lebanese pounds to the dollar on March 16th. Aoun called Hariri to see him the next day. Hariri announced that the government might be constituted shortly after the meeting. However, he reported on March 29 that Aoun had planned a group that included the blocking third for FPM, which he rejected, and that a new team made up of 18 ministers to the media. He opted to rename himself on July 15th.

Hariri, a 2022 student, resigned from Lebanese Politics, and he will not run in the 2022 general elections. He also urged the Future Movement not to run in the forthcoming parliamentary elections nor nominate anyone to run on behalf of the campaign.

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