Richard Nixon

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Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974.

When serving as the country's 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, as a congressman and senator from California, he was the only president to resign from office due to his involvement in the Watergate affair.

Nixon was born in a small town in Southern California to a poor family.

In 1937, he graduated from Duke University School of Law and returned to California to practice law.

In 1942, he and his wife Pat moved to Washington to work for the federal government.

During World War II, he served on active service in the Navy Reserve.

Early life and education

Richard Milhous Nixon was born on January 9, 1913, in what was then the township precinct of Yorba Linda, California, in a house built by his father and located on his family's lemon farm. Hannah (Milhous) Nixon and Francis A. Nixon were his parents. His mother was a Quaker and his father converted from Methodism to Quaker faith. Nixon, a descendant of early English settler Thomas Cornell, who was also an ancestor of Cornell University's founder, Ezra Cornell, as well as Jimmy Carter and Bill Gates, was introduced by his mother.

Nixon's upbringing was influenced by Quaker traditions of the period, such as alcohol prohibition, dancing, and swearing. Harold (1909–1933), Donald (1914–1987), Arthur (1918–1925), and Edward (1930–2019). Four of the five Nixon boys were named after kings who had reigned in medieval or historic Britain; Richard, for example, was named after Richard the Lionheart.

Nixon's early life was marked by poverty, and he later quoted Eisenhower's words as "we were poor, but the glory of it was we didn't know it." In 1922, the Nixon family ranch in Whittier, California, was ruined, and the family moved to Whittier, California. Frank Nixon opened a grocery store and gas station in a town with many Quakers. Arthur, Richard's younger brother, died in 1925 at the age of seven following a brief illness. Richard was twelve years old when a spot was discovered on his lung, and he was forbidden from playing sports due to his family's history of tuberculosis. The spot turned out to be scar tissue from an early bout of pneumonia.

Nixon attended East Whittier Elementary School, where he was president of his eighth-grade class. Harold, his older brother, had attended Whittier High School, which his parents believed contributed to Harold's dissolute lifestyle before he contracted tuberculosis (that killed him in 1933). Nixon was sent by the family to the larger Fullerton Union High School. Despite the fact that he had to ride a school bus an hour each way throughout his freshman year, he received high marks. During the week, he lived with an aunt in Fullerton. He played junior varsity football and rarely missed a game, although he rarely was used in games. He had more success as a debater, winning a number of awards and receiving his first formal instruction in public speaking from Fullerton's Head of English, H. Lynn Sheller. "Remember, speaking is dialogue, not shout at people," Sheller later explained. Talk to them. They're all around them. Nixon said he tried to use a conversational tone as much as possible.

Nixon's parents allowed him to attend Whittier High School at the start of his junior year in 1928. Nixon lost his first election at Whittier when he lost his bid for student body president. He used to drive the family truck to Los Angeles and buy vegetables at the market at 4 a.m. He rushed to the store to wash and display them before going back to school. Harold was diagnosed with tuberculosis the previous year; as his parents took him to Arizona in an attempt to improve his health, the demands on Nixon escalated, prompting him to abandon football. Nevertheless, Nixon graduated from Whittier High School third in his class of 207.

Nixon was given a tuition waiver to attend Harvard University, but Richard was required at the store due to Harold's continuing illness, which needed his mother's care. He remained in his hometown, enrolled at Whittier College in September 1930, and his expenses were paid for by a bequest from his maternal grandfather. Nixon played for basketball; he also tried out for football, and although he lacked the resources to play, the team retained him as a backup and was praised for his enthusiasm. Whittier had literary societies rather than fraternities and sororities. Nixon was snubbed by the only one for guys, the Franklins, many of whom were from wealthy families, not Nixon. He helped found the Orthogonian Society, which was a young society. Nixon found time for extracurricular pursuits in addition to the culture, his research, and his retail store jobs; he became known as a champion debater and hard worker. He became engaged to Ola Florence Welch, the granddaughter of the Whittier police chief, in 1933, but the pair broke up in 1935.

Nixon was accepted at the new Duke University School of Law, which gave scholarships to top students, including Nixon, after receiving a bachelor of Arts degree in history from Whittier in 1934. It paid its professors a very high salary, many of whom had national or international recognition, although some of whom had national or international recognition. The number of scholarships for second- and third-year students was greatly reduced, prompting intense competition. Nixon retained his scholarship, was named president of the Duke Bar Association, inducted into the Order of the Coif, and graduated third in his class in June 1937.

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Early career and marriage

Nixon aspired to join the FBI after graduating from Duke University. He did not reply to his letter of inquiry and learned years later that he had been hired, but that his appointment was postponed at the last minute due to budget constraints. He returned to California in 1937 and began practicing in Whittier with the law firm Wingert and Bewley. His focus was on commercial litigation for local petroleum companies and other corporate problems, as well as on wills. Nixon was reluctant to engage in divorce cases, disliking open sexual discourse from women. He opened Wingert and Bewley in La Habra, California, in 1938, and became a full partner in the company the following year. Nixon proclaimed himself as the first modern president to have served as a practicing attorney in later years.

In January 1938, Nixon was cast in The Dark Tower, a Whittier Community Players production. Thelma "Pat" Ryan, a high school teacher, appeared opposite him. In his memoirs, Nixon described it as "a case of passion at first sight"—for Nixon only, as Pat Ryan turned down the young lawyer several times before agreeing to date him. Ryan was reluctant to marry Nixon right away, but the couple dated for two years before she agreed to his marriage plan. On June 21, 1940, they wed in a small ceremony. The Nixons married in Whittier after a honeymoon in Mexico. Tricia (born 1946) and Julie (born 1948).

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