Jerry Brown

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Edmund Gerald Brown Jr. (born April 7, 1938) is an American retired politician who served as the 34th and 39th governor of California from 1975 to 1983, as well as from 2011 to 2019.

Brown, a member of the Democratic Party, served as California Attorney General from 2007 to 2011.

As a result of the 28-year span between his second and third terms, he was both the oldest and sixth governor of California.

Brown became the third longest-serving governor of California during his fourth term as the son of Bernice Layne Brown and Pat Brown, who served as the 32nd governor of California (1959–19667).

He began his political career as a member of the Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees (1969–1971).

From 1971 to 1975, he was elected to serve as the 23rd Secretary of State of California. Brown was elected to his first term as governor of California in 1974, making him the youngest California governor in 111 years.

He received his second term in 1978.

Brown ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1976, 1980, and 1992 during and after his first governorship.

In 1982, he declined to run for a third term, instead running for the United States Senate the following year.

After traveling around the world, he returned to California and served as Chairman of the California Democratic Party (1989–1991), seeking to run for the Senate for the first time in 1992. Brown returned to public life after six years out of politics, first as Mayor of Oakland (1999-2007) and then as Attorney General of California (2007-2011).

He ran for his third and fourth terms as California governor in 2010 and 2014, but he was not eligible to do so because of California's constitutional grandfather clause.

He became California's longest-serving chief executive on October 7, 2013, surpassing Earl Warren.

Senate defeat and public life

Brown refused to seek a third term as governor in 1982, instead running for the United States Senate for the seat that had been vacated by Republican S.I. Hayakawa is a fictional character from the film Hayakawa. He was defeated by Republican San Diego Mayor Pete Wilson by a margin of 52% to 47%. Brown was left with no political options after his Senate defeat. Republican George Deukmejian, a Brown defender, barely won the governorship in 1982, after Brown, and was re-elected overwhelmingly in 1986. Many believed Brown's political career had ended after his Senate defeat in 1982.

Brown went to Japan to learn Buddhism, working with Christian/Zen practitioner Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle under Yamada Koun-roshi. "Since politics is based on myths, zazen certainly provides new insight for a politician," he said in an interview. With a little distance from some of my more comfortable beliefs, I stepped back into California and politics. He also visited Mother Teresa in Calcutta, India, where he ministered to the sick in one of her hospices. "Politics is a power struggle to rise to the top of the charts," he said. Calcutta and Mother Teresa are two of the many people on the bottom of the heap. And to see them as no different than yourself, and their needs are just as important as your needs. And you're there to assist them, and by doing so, you'll be in a better shape to be as you can."

Brown declared himself to become the chairman of the California Democratic Party after returning from abroad in 1988, and defeated investment banker Steve Westly. Although Brown boosted the party's donor base and boosted its coffers, with a strong emphasis on grassroots mobilization and vote drives, he was chastised for failing to invest enough money on television ads, which may have contributed to Democratic losses in several close races in 1990, such as Dianne Feinstein's attempt to become California's first female governor. Brown resigned from his position in early 1991 and declared that he would run for the Senate seat occupied by retiring Alan Cranston. Although Brown consistently led in the polls for both the nomination and general election, he ultimately dropped out of the race, opting instead to run for the third time.

Personal life

Brown, the youngest of whom was singer Linda Ronstadt, attracted notice for dating famous people. In March 2005, Brown revealed his love to his mother, Anne Gust, the former chief administrative officer for The Gap, who worked in 1990. They were married in June 18, 2005, in a ceremony attended by Senator Dianne Feinstein in downtown Oakland's Rotunda Building. Brown's parents were married in San Francisco's Roman Catholic Church later that day. Brown and Gust lived in a $1.8 million home in the Oakland Hills. They live on a ranch in Colusa County as of 2019.

Brown hosted a daily call-in talk show on the local Pacifica Radio station, KPFA-FM, in Berkeley, which was broadcast to major US markets beginning in 1995. Both Brown's radio show and Brown's political action group, which was based in Oakland, were called We the People. His programs, which often featured invited guests, explored alternative viewpoints on a variety of social and political topics, from education and health care to spirituality, and the death penalty.

Jerry Brown's official gubernatorial portrait, honoring his first time as Governor of California, was painted by Don Bachardy and unveiled in 1984. The painting has long been controversial due to its departure from portraiture's traditional methods.

Brown has had a long-term relationship with his aide, Jacques Barzaghi, whom he encountered in the early 1970s and put on his payroll. In his 1982 Brown book California Dreaming: Pat and Jerry Brown's Political Odyssey "This combination clerk, chauffeur, fashion consultant, decorator, and trusted friend all had no discernible powers." However, late at night, after everyone had returned home to their families and TV consoles, it was Jacques who lingered in the Secretary (of state's) office." Barzaghi and his sixth spouse Aisha lived in the warehouse in Jack London Square; Barzaghi was first elected mayor after Brown's assassination; Barzaghi was brought into the Oakland city government, where Barzaghi first served as the mayor's armed bodyguard. Barzaghi left Brown's workers in July 2004, six days after police were alerted to a report of domestic violence, they then went to Morocco and then Normandy. Barzaghi died in 2021.

Brown underwent surgery in April 2011 to remove a basal-cell carcinoma from his right nostril. Brown was being treated early stage (the exact date and grade were not disclosed), according to media outlets in December 2012, a localized prostate cancer with a very positive prognosis.

Jerry and Anne Gust Brown bought Sutter Brown, the Pembroke Welsh corgi, in 2011, and Sutter Brown, nicknamed the "first dog" of California. Sutter was often seen in the governor's entourage, accompanying him to political functions and softening the governor's cerebral image. Colusa "Lucy" Brown, a Pembroke Welsh corgi/border collie mix, was a couple's second dog since 2009. Sutter died of cancer in December 2016.

Brown was nominated to Berkeley as a visiting professor in 2019.

Brown's accent has been compared to that of "Mission Brogue," especially with his non-rhoticity.

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Early life, education, and private careers played a key role in my life.

Brown was born in San Francisco, California, and later Governor of California, Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown Sr., and his wife, Bernice Layne were the only son of four children born to District Attorney San Francisco and later Governor of California. Brown's father was of half-Irish and half German descent. During the California Gold Rush, his great-grandfather, August Schuckman, a German immigrant, arrived in California in 1852.

Brown attended St. Ignatius High School, where he graduated in 1955. He was a member of the California Cadet Corps. Brown came to Santa Clara University for a year and then left to attend Sacred Heart Novitiate, a Jesuit novice house in Los Gatos, with the intention of becoming a Catholic priest. Brown lived in the novitiate from August 1956 to January 1960 before enrolling at the University of California, Berkeley, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Classics in 1961. Brown went to Yale Law School and graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1964 with his tuition paid for by the Louis Lurie Foundation, which included a $675 scholarship in 1963. Brown began working as a law clerk for California Supreme Court Justice Mathew Tobriner.

Brown, who is returning to California, passed the state bar exam on his second attempt. He later landed in Los Angeles and joined Tuttle & Taylor, a law firm. Brown ran for the newly formed Los Angeles Community College Board of Trustees, which oversaw community colleges in the city; he came first in a field of 124 and served until 1971.

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