Jean Gabin

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Jean Gabin (17 May 1904 – 15 November 1976) was a French actor and occasional singer.

Considered a leading figure in French cinema, he appeared in many classic films, including Pépé le Moko (1937), Le rêve lève (1938), and Le plaisir (1952).

In recognition of his crucial role in French cinema, Gabin was made a member of the Légion d'honneur.

Early life

Gabin was born in Paris, the son of Madeleine Petit and Ferdinand Moncorgé, a cafe owner and cabaret entertainer whose stage name was Gabin, which is French for first name. He grew up in Mériel, a village in the Seine-et-Oise (now Val-d'Oise) département, about 22 mi (35 km) north of Paris. He attended the Lycée Janson de Sailly. Gabin left school early and worked as a labourer until the age of 19. He entered show business as a participant in a Folies Bergères production. Before going into the military, he was active in a variety of minor occupations.

After completing his military service in the Fusiliers marins, he returned to the entertainment industry, starring Jean Gabin at whatever level was on offer in Parisian music halls and operettas, imitating Maurice Chevalier's singing style at the time. He was a member of a troupe that toured South America and found work at the Moulin Rouge on return to France. His performances began to be noticed, and stage performances followed him, resulting in roles in two silent films in 1928.

Gabin converted to sound films in a 1930 Pathé Frères film, Chacun has a chance. He made more than a dozen films in the last four years, including films directed by Maurice and Jacques Tourneur, who appeared in secondary roles. But he only gained real respect for his role in Maria Chapdelaine, a 1934 film directed by Julien Duvivier. In the 1936 war drama La Bandera, he was cast as a romantic hero; this second Duvivier-directed film established him as a major star. He teamed up with Duvivier once more in the highly acclaimed Pépé le Moko last year. Gabin's international success brought it into being. He appeared in Jean Renoir's La Grande Illusion, an antiwar film that ran at a New York City theatre for an unprecedented six months during the same time. This was followed by another of Renoir's major works, La Bête Humaine (The Human Beast), a film noir tragedy based on Émile Zola's book and starring Gabin and Simone Simon, as well as Le Quai Des Brumes (Port of Shadows), one of director Marcel Carné's poetic realism's classics of poetic realism. In 1939, he divorced his second wife.

In the late 1930s, Gabin was flooded with Hollywood offers but they were unable to fully embrace them until World War II began. Renoir and Duvivier were sent to the United States after the German occupied France in 1940. During his stay in Hollywood, Gabin began a romance with actress Marlene Dietrich that lasted until 1948. His films in America, Moontide (1942) and The Impostor (1944), the former with Duvivier, were not successful.

Gabin, the younger brother of General Charles de Gaulle's Free French Forces, has been awarded the Médaille militaire and a Croix de Guerre for his wartime valor in North Africa against the Allies. Gabin was in command of the 2nd armoured division that liberated Paris following D-Day.

Carné, a 1945 carné, selected Gabin to act in the film Gates of the Night with Dietrich as his co-star. She disliked the filmplay and feared that her German accent would not go over well with Francophone audiences postwar. Gabin followed suit when she resigned from the programme, resulting in her being kicked out of the project with Carné. He found a French producer and film director keen to cast him and Dietrich together, but Martin Roumagnac, the film's director, was not a success, and their personal friendship soon ended. Gabin appeared in René Clément's poetic realist film The Walls of Malapaga (Au-delà des grilles), which received an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Picture in 1948 but received no appreciation for Gabin. In 1949, he appeared in his first appearance in Henri Bernstein's La Soif, where he appeared in a legitimate theatre. It lasted in Paris for six months, with Gabin being lauded as "a first-rate stage actor." Despite this award, his subsequent films did not do well at the French box office, and the next five years would see repeated failures.

Gabin's career seemed to be doom until the 1954 film Touchez pas au grisbi (Don't Touch the Loot), directed by Jacques Becker, earned him critical acclaim. The film was very successful around the world. He then worked in Renoir in French Cancan, with Mara Félix and Françoise Arnoul. In three films, 1958, 1959, and 1963, Gabin played Georges Simenon's detective Jules Maigret. He produced nearly 50 films in the last 20 years, the bulk of which were for Gafer Films, including many for Fernandel's production partnership. Brigitte Bardote Bardot (En cas de malheur), Alain Delon (Le Clan des Siciliens, Mélodie en sous-sol, and Deux hommes dans la ville), Jean-Paul Belmondo (Le Tatoué) and Louis de Funès were among his co-stars.

Gabin died of leukemia at the American Hospital in Paris' Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. His body was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at sea from a military ship with full military esteem.

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Career

After finishing his military service in the Fusiliers marins, he returned to the stage, playing under Jean Gabin's stage name at whatever level was available in Parisian music halls and operettas, imitating Maurice Chevalier's singing style at the time. He was a member of a troupe that toured South America and, upon returning to France, he discovered work at the Moulin Rouge. His performances began to be noticed, and more stage roles followed, which culminated in roles in two silent films in 1928.

Chacun sa chance, two years after Gabin made the switch to sound films in a 1930 Pathé Frères film. He made more than a dozen films in the next four years, including films directed by Maurice and Jacques Tourneur. However, he only gained genuine attention for his role in Maria Chapdelaine, a 1934 effort directed by Julien Duvivier, but he was only known for his role in that 1934 film. He was then cast as a romantic hero in 1936 war drama La Bandera; in this second Duvivier-directed film, he established him as a major actor. In the highly profitable Pépé le Moko last year, he worked with Duvivier once more. Gabin's international success has given it international fame. He appeared in Jean Renoir's La Grande Illusion, an antiwar film that ran at a New York City theatre for an unprecedented six months. This was followed by La Bête Humaine (The Human Beast), Renoir's biggest work, as well as Le Quai Des Brumes (Port of Shadows), one of director Marcel Carné's poetic realism's classics. In 1939, he divorced his second wife.

Gabin received a slew of calls from Hollywood in the late 1930s but they were unable to respond until World War II broke. He joined Renoir and Duvivier in the United States after the German occupation of France in 1940. Gabin began a friendship with actress Marlene Dietrich that lasted until 1948 while in Hollywood. His films in America—Moontide (1942) and The Impostor (1944), the latter with Duvivier, were not well-reced.

Gabin, the unemployed, joined General Charles de Gaulle's Free French Forces and received the Médaille militaire and a Croix de Guerre for his wartime valor in North Africa against the Allies. Gabin was in charge of the 2nd armoured division that liberated Paris on D-Day.

Carné selected Gabin to act in the film Gates of the Night with Dietrich as his co-star in 1945. She looved the filmplay and was concerned that her German accent would not go over well with postwar French audiences. Gabin followed suit as she resigned from the project, resulting in a loss to Carné. He found a French producer and film director who would cast him and Dietrich together, but the film, Martin Roumagnac, was not a success, and the couple's personal relationship soon ended. Gabin appeared in René Clément's poetic realist film The Walls of Malapaga (1948), which received an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Picture but received no praise for Gabin. In 1949, he appeared in his first appearance in a legitimate theatre in Henri Bernstein's La Soif. Gabin was praised as "a first-rate stage actor" in Paris for six months. Despite this success, his subsequent films did not do well at the French box office, and the next five years brought repeated failures.

Gabin's career seemed to be doom until the 1954 film Touchez pas au grisbi (Don't Touch the Loot), directed by Jacques Becker, earned him critical acclaim. The film was extremely successful worldwide. He then collaborated with Renoir in French Cancan, with Marjo Félix and Françoise Arnoul. In three films from 1958, 1959, and 1963, Gabin played Jules Maigret, George Simenon's detective. He made almost 50 films in the last 20 years, many for Gafer Films and critically, including ones for fellow actor Fernandel. His co-stars included such leading figures of postwar cinema as Brigitte Bardote Bardot (En cas de malheur), Alain Delon (Le Clan des Siciliens, Mélodie en sous-sol, and Deux hommes dans la ville), Jean-Paul Belmondo (Le Tatoué).

Gabin died of leukemia at the American Hospital of Paris, in the Parisian suburb of Neuilly-sur-Seine. His body was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at sea from a military ship with full military recompence.

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