James Brown

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James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933-2006), an American singer, songwriter, dancer, guitarist, engineer, and bandleader.

He is often referred to as the "Godfather of Soul" and "Soul Brother No. 121," a progenitor of funk music and dance figure of twentieth-century music and dance. "I" is the top of the list.

He had influenced the evolution of many music styles in Toccoa, Georgia, for more than 50 years.

He was part of a rhythm and blues vocal band called the Gospel Starlighters (which later developed to the Famous Flames), which was founded by Bobby Byrd in which he was the lead singer.

Brown, the founding member of The Famous Flames, with hits like "Please, Please, Please" and "Try Me," gained a reputation as a tireless live performer with the Famous Flames and his backing band, also known as the James Brown Band or the James Brown Orchestra, first coming to national attention in the late 1950s.

His fame with the Apollo live album Live at the Apollo in the 1960s reached new heights, including "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag," "I Feel Good"), and "It's a Man's Man's World." Brown transitioned from a continuum of blues and gospel-based styles and styles to a distinctly "Africanized" approach to music-making that inspired the growth of funk music in the late 1960s.

Brown had fully established the funk sound by the 1970s with hits including "Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine") and "The Payback."

He became known for songs of social commentary, including the 1968 hit "Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud."

Brown continued to perform and record until he died of pneumonia in 2006.

Brown also had 17 singles that ranked No. 1 in the United States. Billboard R&B charts Number 1 is at 1.

He also holds the record for the most singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, which did not reach No. 1 in 2011. 1.

Brown was inducted into the 1st class of the Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2013 as an artist and then as a songwriter in 2017.

In addition, he has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Songwriters Hall of Fame.

Brown is ranked No. 1 in Joel Whitburn's review of Billboard R&B charts from 1942 to 2010. One of The Top 500 Artists.

He is ranked No. 1 in the United States. On Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, 7 of them are on the top 10.

Brown has also been cited as the most sampled artist of all time by Rolling Stone.

Early life

Brown was born in Barnwell, South Carolina, on May 3, 1933, to 16-year-old Susie (née Behling); 1916–2004); and 21-year-old Joseph Gardner Brown (1912–1993) in a tiny wooden shack. Brown's name was supposed to be Joseph Brown, but his first and middle names were mistakenly changed on his birth certificate. Brown's autobiography revealed that he had Chinese and Native American ancestry, as well as that his father was of mixed African-American and Native American descent, although his mother was of mixed African-American and Native American descent.

In Elko, South Carolina, which was then an impoverished neighborhood at the time, the Brown family lived in suffrage. When James was four or five years old, they migrated to Augusta, Georgia. His family first settled in one of his aunts' brothels. They then moved into a house shared with another aunt. After a contentious and intimate marriage, Brown's mother eventually left the family and moved to New York.

He began performing in talent shows as a youth, first appearing in Lenox Theater in 1944, winning the show after singing the ballad "So Long." Brown performed buck dances for change to entertain troops from Camp Gordon at the start of World War II, when their convoys rode over a canal bridge near his aunt's house in Augusta. This is where he first heard legendary blues musician Howlin' Wolf play guitar. During this period, he learned to play the piano, guitar, and harmonica. After hearing Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five's "Caldonia" he was inspired to be an entertainer, he was inspired to be an entertainer. Brown briefly worked as a boxer in his teenage years.

He was found guilty of robbery and sent to a juvenile detention center in Toccoa at the age of 16. He formed a gospel quartet with four other cellmates, including Johnny Terry. As Browns and singer Bobby Byrd played against each other in a baseball game outside the detention center, they met. Brown was also discovered to sing after hearing of "a man named Music Box," Brown's musical name at the jail. Since being arrested early, Byrd and his family aided in his release, which resulted in Brown promising the court that he would "sing for the Lord." Brown was hired on a work contract with Toccoa corporation owner S.C. Lawson. Brown was enthralled with Brown's work ethic and was granted his freedom with a promise to keep him employed for two years. Brown was released on June 14, 1952, the first time a Brown was paroled. Brown went on to work with both of Lawson's children and would return to visit the family from time to time throughout his career. He joined the Ever-Ready Gospel Singers, which also included Byrd's sister Sarah, shortly after being released.

Personal life

Tammi Terrell became a member of the James Brown Revue in 1962. Brown, who was 17 years old at the time, became sexually linked with Terrell, a teen girl in a marriage that did not end until she resolved his physical abuse. Bobby Bennett, a former member of the Famous Flames, told Rolling Stone about the violence he suffered: "He beat Tammi Terrell horrible," Bennett said. "She was bleeding and shedding blood." Terrell, a girl who died in 1970, was Brown's mother before she became known as Marvin Gaye's singing partner in the mid-1960s. Bennett, who also claimed that Brown kicked one pregnant lady down a flight of stairs, said, "Tammi left him because she didn't want her butt whipped."

Brown has been married four times. In 1953, Mike Warren's first marriage was to Velma Warren, and the pair had one son together. The couple had divorced over a decade ago, and the final divorce decree was released in 1969. They had a close friendship that continued until Brown's death. On October 22, 1970, Brown's second marriage was to Deidre "Deedee" Jenkins. They had two children together. The couple were separated by 1979 after what his daughter calls years of domestic violence, and the final divorce decree was released on January 10, 1981. In 1984, Adrienne Lois Rodriguez's third marriage was to Adrienne Lois Rodriguez (March 9, 1950 – January 6, 1996). It was a tumultuous marriage that made headlines due to domestic violence charges. Rodriguez applied for divorce in 1988, "citing years of cruelty treatment" as the cause, but the two reconciled. Brown hired Tomi Rae Hynie to be a background singer for his band less than a year after Rodriguez died in 1996, and she later became his fourth wife.

Brown, 69, and Hynie, 33, held a marriage reception that was officiated by the Rev. Larry Flyer. Following Brown's death, controversies surrounding the marriage erupted; Brown's counsel, Albert "Buddy" Dallas, reported that the union was not legal; Hynie's marriage was still tied to Javed Ahmed, a Bangladeshi man. Ahmed married her to get a Green Card and that the marriage was annulled, according to Hynie, but the annulment did not take place until April 2004. Hynie produced a 2001 marriage certificate as proof of her Brownestation, but she did not provide King with court documents pointing to an annulment of her marriage to him or Ahmed. Brown was furious and hurt that Hynie had concealed her prior marriage from him, and Brown prompted Hynie to request cancellation from Hynie, according to Dallas. Dallas explained that although Hynie's marriage to Brown was annulled after she married Brown, Brown and Hynie's union was not valid under South Carolina law because Brown and Hynie did not remarry after the annulment. Brown published a full-page public notice in Variety in August 2003 involving Hynie, James II, and himself on vacation at Disney World to announce that he and Hynie are going to separate ways. A judge ruled Hynie as Brown's legal widow in 2015.

Brown had several children, including five brothers, Terry, Larry, Daryl, and James Joseph Brown Jr.—and four children, Lisa, Dr. Yamma Brown Lumar (1964–2018). Brown also had eight grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. Teddy Brown, Brown's oldest son, died in a car crash on June 14, 1973. Brown also fathered at least three extramarital children, according to an article published in the British newspaper on August 22, 2007. LaRhonda Pettit (born 1962), a former flight attendant and teacher who lives in Houston, is the first one of them to be identified. Brown's will be determined by a DNA test after his death, not for Brown's sake but for the sake of the other family members, according to Larry King. Hynie selected James Brown Jr., a guard ad litem who she wanted to represent her son in the paternity hearings in April 2007. James Brown Jr. was confirmed to be his biological son.

Brown had a stringent drug- and alcohol-free policy for all members of his entourage, including band members, and had disciplined employees who disobeyed orders, particularly those who misused or misused opioids. Although early members of the Famous Flames were banned for using alcohol, Browne served a highball of Delaware Punch and moonshine at his St. Albans, Queens, home in the mid-1960s. During a 1971 performance, Catfish and Bootsy Collins, one of Brown's original members, deliberately took LSD, prompting Brown to fire them after the show because he suspected them of being on drugs from the start.

Aide Bob Patton has admitted that he mistakenly posted a PCP-laced cannabis joint with Brown in the mid-1970s and "hallucinated for hours," but Brown "talled about it as if it was just marijuana he was smoking." Brown was widely suspected of using opioids by the mid-1980s, with Vicki Anderson advising journalist Barney Hoskyns that Brown's regular use of PCP (colloquially known as "angel dust) "began before 1982." Brown and Brown first met and later married Adrienne Rodriguez in 1984, and the pair began using PCP together. While high on the drug, his use often resulted in violent outbursts from him, and he was jailed several times for domestic violence against Rodriguez. Brown had four criminal charges relating to driving, PCP, and firearms possession by January 1988. Brown went on CNN's Sonya Friedman host Juliana Friedman after an arrest in April 1988 for domestic violence. Brown's irreverent demeanor made the interview infamous, with some claiming that Brown was boosting.

Brown would smoke PCP ("until it became impossible to find") and cocaine mixed with nicotine in Kool cigarettes, one of Brown's former mistresses was recalled in a GQ magazine article on Brown some years after his death. He also participated in the off-label use of sildenafil, claiming that it gave him "extra energy." Brown, who was still under the influence of PCP (which he continued to buy based on its availability), he claimed that passing trees in a car contained psychotronic surveillance equipment.

In January 1998, he spent a week in jail to deal with an opioid dependence that has no known. He was jailed for unlawful use of a handgun and smoking cannabis a week after his release. Brown was discovered cocaine in his urine prior to his death in December 2006 when he first visited Emory University Hospital. Brown would "do crack" with a female acquaintance, according to his widow.

Several incidents with the legislation marred Brown's personal life. He was found guilty of stealing at the age of 16 and spent three years in juvenile detention. Brown allegedly attempted to shoot his musical adversary Joe Tex at a Macon, Georgia, while Otis Redding was performing with his old band Johnny Jenkins and the Pinetoppers. Several people were shot and stabbed as a result of the shooting. Since Brown was still on parole at the time, he relying on his handler Clint Brantley "and a few thousand dollars to make the situation disappear." "Seven people fired," Jenkins said, and after the shootout concluded, a man appeared and told "each one of the injured a hundred dollars apiece not to carry it any further and not to talk to the media," a man emerged and told "each one of the wounded a hundred dollars apiece not to go further and not to talk to the media," after the shootout concluded. Brown was never charged with the shooting.

Brown was arrested after performing at the Apollo on July 16, 1978, for reportedly failing to turn in records from one of his radio stations, and the station was forced to file for bankruptcy. Brown was arrested on April 3, 1988, for assault, and again in May 1988 on drug and firearms charges, as well as on September 24, 1988, following a high-speed auto chase along the Georgia–South Carolina state border. He was found guilty of carrying an unlicensed pistol and assaulting a police officer, as well as other drug-related and driving offences. Despite being sentenced to six years in prison, he was eventually released on parole on February 28, 1991, after serving two years of his term. Brown's FBI file, which was published in The Washington Post in 2007, linked Brown's assertion that the high-speed chase did not happen as claimed by the police, and that local police shot at his car several times during an incident of police harassment and assault following his detention. Brown's charges had no truth, according to local authorities.

A woman named Mary Simons accused Brown of three days in prison, demanding oral sex and firing a gun in his office in 1998; Simons' charge was eventually dismissed. Brown allegedly requested sexual favors between 1994 and 1999, but when refusing, she said she would withhold her pay and kept her offstage. Brown also said she'd take a hand on her buttocks and yelled at her in a packed restaurant not to look or speak to any other man besides herself;" Rushton eventually dismissed her complaint. Lisa Agbalaya, a Brown woman, said the singer had "bull testicles," handed her a pair of zebra-print underwear, and told her not to wear them while she was massaged with oil and fired her after she refused. A Los Angeles jury found the singer guilty of sexual assault, but found him liable for unlawful termination.

On July 3, 2000, the police were summoned to Brown's house after being charged with assaulting an electric company repairman with a steak knife when the repairman arrived at Brown's house to look into a report about no lights at the house. Brown was pardoned by the South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services for previous offences he was convicted of in South Carolina.

Brown has been detained on several occasions for domestic abuse. Brown was arrested on four occasions between 1987 and 1995 on suspicion of assault against his third wife, Adrienne Rodriguez. Rodriguez said to investigators that Brown assaulted her with an iron pipe and shot at her car. After the last shooting in October 1995, Rodriguez was hospitalized, but charges were dropped after she died in January 1996.

Brown was arrested in South Carolina on a domestic violence charge after Tomi Rae Hynie accused him of pushing her to the ground during an argument at their house, where she sustained scratches and bruises to her right arm and hip. Brown pleaded no contest to the domestic violence charge in June but received no jail time. Rather, Brown was sentenced to forfeit a US$1,087 bond as a punishment.

In January 2005, a woman named Jacque Hollander brought a court complaint against James Brown, based on an alleged 1988 rape. When the trial was first heard before a judge in 2002, Hollander's allegations against Brown were dismissed by the court as the time for filing the complaint had expired. Hollander claimed that the traumatic assault later pushed her to contract Graves' disease, a thyroid disorder. Hollander said the incident occurred in South Carolina when she was working for Brown as a publicist. Hollander said he assaulted her with a shotgun while riding her bicycle with Brown Brown, Brown pulled over to the side of the road and sexually assaulted her. Hollander's lawsuit against Brown included a DNA sample and a polygraph report, but the facts were not considered due to the limitations defense. Hollander later attempted to bring her case before the Supreme Court, but no details about her complaint was forthcoming.

Later life and death

James Brown lived in Beech Island, South Carolina, directly across the Savannah River from Augusta, Georgia, at the end of his life. Brown had a persistent type 1 diabetes that went undiagnosed for years, according to long-time boss Charles Bobbit. Brown was successfully treated for prostate cancer in 2004. Brown maintained his image as the "most hardworking man in show business" by sticking up with his grueling workout schedule, despite his health.

Brown became sick and arrived at his dentist's office in Atlanta, Georgia, several hours late on December 23, 2006. His visit was for dental implant surgery. During his visit, Brown's dentist noted that he looked "very bad...poor and dazed." The dentist recommended Brown, rather than doing the work, that he consult a specialist right away about his medical condition.

Brown went to the Emory Crawford Long Memorial Hospital for medical examination and was accepted for observation and therapy the following day. Brown, his long-time personal manager and friend, had been struggling with a raging cough since returning from a trip to Europe in November. However, Bobbit said that the singer had never complained about being sick or performing while ill. Despite Brown's having to postponed forthcoming concerts in Waterbury, Connecticut, and Englewood, New Jersey, the doctor was confident that he would be released from the hospital in time for his upcoming New Year's Eve performance at the Count Basie Theatre in New Jersey and the B. B. - B. : In addition to performing a song live on CNN for the Anderson Cooper New Year's Eve special, King Blues Club in New York has performed a song live on CNN. Brown, however, was hospitalized, and his illness worsened throughout the day.

Brown died about 1:45 a.m. EST (06:45 UTC), at the age of 73, from congestive heart failure resulting from pneumonia complications. Bobbit was sleeping at his bedside and later reported that Brown stuttered him, "I'm going away tonight." Brown staggered, and he sank into sleep.

CNN and other journalists' probe in 2019 resulted in reports that Brown had been murdered.

On December 28, 2006, Brown's relatives, a number of celebrities, and thousands of followers descended on him for a public memorial service at the Apollo Theater in New York City, and the James Brown Arena in Augusta, Georgia. On December 29, 2006, Brown's family attended a separate, private service in North Augusta, South Carolina. Michael Jackson, Jimmy Cliff, Joe Frazier, Buddy Guy, Ice Cube, Ludacris, Dr. Dr. Dre, Dr. Dre, Dr. Dre, Dr. Dre, Little Richard, Dr. Dre, Gibbert, Prince, Jesse Jackson, Ice Cube, Fat Joe, Lenny Kravitz, 50 Cent, Don King were among the many tribute tributes at these various memorial services. Rev. Al Sharpton officiated at all of Brown's public and private memorial services.

Brown's memorial services were all elaborate, complete with costume changes for the deceased and videos starring him in concert. In a white, glass-encased carriage, his body, encased in a Promethean casket, was escorted from New York to the Apollo Theater. His memorial procession in Augusta, Georgia, came to pay their respects at his statue en route to the James Brown Arena. Brown's last appearance in Augusta, Georgia, was shown by a video on "Georgia on My Mind," which was played eerily in the background. During the tribute to the arena, his last backup band, The Soul Generals, performed some of his hits as well. Bootsy Collins on bass was welcomed to the band, and MC Hammer's James Brown style complemented MC Hammer's performance of a dance. Ali-Ollie Woodson, the former Temptations lead singer, performed "Walk Around Heaven All Day" at the memorial services. Brown's three children's house in Beech Island, South Carolina, was buried in a crypt.

Brown's last will and testament was signed on August 1, 2000, well before J. Strom Thurmond Jr., an estate attorney. Brown's irrevocable trust was established on his behalf by his partner, Albert "Buddy" Dallas, one of three personal representatives of Brown's estate, that same year. He'll be responsible for the disposition of his personal property, including clothes, cars, and jewelry, as well as the disposition of James Brown Enterprises' business interests and his Beech Island, South Carolina estate.

Brown's six adult living children (Terry Brown, Larry Brown, Daryl Brown, Yamma Brown Lumar, Deanna Brown Thomas, and Venisha Brown) were named in the document, but not as heirs were identified as heirs during the reading of the will on January 11, 2007, although Hynie and James II were not named as heirs. Brown's will have been signed ten months before James II was born and more than a year before Brown's marriage to Tomi Rae Hynie. Hynie and James II were listed as beneficiaries of Brown's property, as Brown's will. The irrevocable trust had existed long before, but not since James II's birth.

Brown's children filed a lawsuit on January 24, 2007, urging the court to exclude the personal representatives from the estate (including Brown's counsel and trustee Albert "Buddy" Dallas) and appoint a special administrator based on allegations of mismanagement of Brown's assets due to suspected misconduct and mismanagement of Brown's funds. Hynie filed a lawsuit against Brown's estate on January 31, 2007, challenging the will and the irrevocable trust. Hynie's suit requested that the court honor her as Brown's widow and appoint a special administrator for the estate.

Judge Doyet Early III confirmed that Tomi Rae Brown was officially the widow of James Brown on January 27, 2015. The decision was based on the facts that Hynie's previous marriage was nullified and that James Brown had abandoned his efforts to annul his own marriage to Hynie.

The South Carolina Supreme Court intervened on February 19, 2015, suspending all lower court proceedings in the estate and promising to examine existing conduct. In July 2018, the South Carolina Court of Appeals found that Hynie was, in fact, Mr. Brown's wife. In 2020, the South Carolina Supreme Court found that Hynie was not legally married to Brown and did not have the right to his estate. Brown's family had reached a deal in July 2021, putting an end to the 15-year fight over the estate.

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Music career

Brown joined Bobby Byrd's bandwagon in 1954. The group had grown from the Gospel Starlighters, a cappella gospel group, to the Avons, a R&B group. He reportedly joined the group after one of its members, Troy Collins, died in a car crash. The group, as well as Brown and Byrd, was made up of Sylvester Keels, Doyle Oglesby, Fred Pulliam, Nash Knox, and Nafloyd Scott. Hank Ballard, the Midnighters, the Orioles, and Billy Ward and his Dominoes were among R&B bands who influenced the Toccoa Band and later on the Flames. Baroyd's brother joined the band on bass guitar, and Brown, Byrd and Keels' lead positions and instruments changed often playing drums and piano. Johnny Terry stepped down later in life, although Pulliam and Oglesby had long been defunct.

Berry Trimier, the group's first boss, began booking them at dances on college campuses in Georgia and South Carolina. When they renamed themselves the Famous Flames, the group had already established itself as a good live act. When the group was playing in Macon in 1955, they had contacted Little Richard. Richard begged the company to reach Clint Brant Brantley, his manager at the time, at his nightclub. After hearing the group's audition, Brantley agreed to manage them. He brought them to a local radio station to record a demo session, where they performed their own song "Please, Please, Please," which was inspired when Little Richard wrote the words on a napkin, and Brown was determined to make a song out of it. In March 1956, the Famous Flames signed with King Records' Federal subsidiary in Cincinnati, Ohio, and released a re-recorded version of "Please, Please, Please." The album was the company's first R&B hit, with over a million copies sold. Neither of their sequels were met with the same success. Brown had fired Clint Brantley as boss and recruited Ben Bart, head of the Universal Attractions Agency, by 1957. The original Flames burned in 1998, after Bart changed the group's name to "James Brown and The Famous Flames."

Brown's ballad "I Love Me" debuted on the R&B chart in October 1959, becoming the first of seventeen chart-topping R&B hits in October 1958. Eugene "Baby" Lloyd Stallworth and Bobby Bennett formed his first band, led by J. C. Davis, and reunited with Bobby Byrd in a revitalized Famous Flames lineup, with Johnny Terry sometimes appearing as the "fifth Flame" in a new Famous Flames lineup. Brown, the Flames, and his entire band appeared at the Apollo Theater on April 24, 1959, the opening for Brown's idol, Little Willie John. Brown and the Famous Flames were credited on two albums by Federal Records (both of which were unveiled singles). Brown started multi-tasking in the recording studio involving himself, his singing group, the Famous Flames, and his band, which was often identified as The James Brown Orchestra or the James Brown Band. On Dade Records, owned by Henry Stone, the band's top ten R&B hit "Do the Mashed Potatoes" on the band's website in 1994, but the band was billed under the name "Nat Kendrick & the Swans" due to word differences. As a result of the company's success, King president Syd Nathan shifted Brown's role from Federal to King, which Brown explained in his autobiography as "you get more support from the company." Though King, Brown, the Famous Flames product, the hit-filled album Think! The James Brown Band received second billing on its second album the following year, with second billing. Brown led on a number of hits, including "Bewildered," "I'll Go Crazy," and "Think," all of which hinted at his new style.

Brown and his band had a success with their cover of the instrumental "Night Train" in 1962, their highest-selling R&B album. The ballads' "Lost Somebody" and "Baby You're Correct" — the latter, a Joe Tex composition — also increased his reputation with R&B audiences in the same year. Brown financed a live recording of a performance at the Apollo on October 24, 1962, convincing Syd Nathan to release the album, despite Nathan's assertion that no one would buy a live album due to the fact that Brown's singles had already been purchased and that live albums were generally poor performers.

The Apollo was born in June and became a huge success, with sales reaching number two on the Top LPs chart and more than a million copies being sold over the course of 14 months. Brown scored his first top-ten pop hit with his interpretation of the classic "Prisoner of Love" in 1963. He also started Try Me Records, which featured recordings by Tammy Montgomery (later to be known as Tammi Terrell), Johnny & Bill (Famous Flames associates Johnny Terry and Bill Hollings), and the Poets, which was another term used for Brown's backing band. Brown began an ill-fated two-year friendship with 17-year-old Tammi Terrell when she appeared in his revue, but it was in vain. Terrell's personal and professional relationship were ruined as a result of his sexual abuse.

Brown and Bobby Byrd formed Fair Deal in 1964, aiming for greater commercial success, bringing the operation into the Mercury imprint, Smash Records. King Records, on the other hand, protested this and was injunctioned to stop Brown from releasing any recordings for the label. Brown had three vocal singles before the injunction, including the blues-oriented hit "Out of Sight," which gave the singers a new sense of direction in his music. Brown and the Famous Flames gained more national interest after giving an explosive show-stopping appearance on the live concert film The T.A.M.I.I. On display. The Flames' dynamic gospel-tinged vocals, polished choreography, and timing, as well as Brown's energetic dance moves and high-octane singing upstaged the upcoming closing act, the Rolling Stones, were upstaged in the proposed closing act.

Brown began performing his song "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" in 1965, which became his first top ten pop hit and earned him his first Grammy Award. Brown has also signed a Loma Records production contract. He released "I Got You" in 1965, his second single in a row to debut at number one on the R&B chart and top ten on the pop chart, and his second in a row. Brown's third Top 10 Pop hit, "It's a Man's World," followed the ballad. (No. R&B) which announced his as a top-ranked entertainer from that point on.

Brown's burgeoning popularity by 1967 had been characterized as funk music. He recorded "Cold Sweat," his first true funk song on the R&B chart, and also the first to have a drum break and was reduced to a single chord, according to some commentators. The musical arrangements on songs such as "Give It Up or Turnit a Loose" and "Licking Stick-Licking Stick" (both recorded in 1968) and "Funky Drummer" (both recorded in 1969) featured a more refined interpretation of Brown's mid-1960s style, with the horn section, guitars, bass, and drums mingling riffs weaving together in intricate rhythmic patterns based on numerous interlocking riff

Brown's style shifts started with "Cold Sweat," laying the foundation for Brown's later hits, such as "I Got the Feelin'" (1968) and "Mother Popcorn" (1969). Brown's vocals became a sort of rhythmic declamation, not quite performed but not fully stated, and they rarely featured traces of pitch or melody. This will have a major effect on hip hop's production, which will develop alongside hip hop music in the coming decades. Brown's style of funk in the late 1960s was based on interlocking syncopated pieces: strutting bass lines, syncopated drum structures, and iconic percussive guitar riffs. Brown's refinement of New Orleans funk, as shown by his lyrical riffs on "Ain't It Funky" and "Give It Up or Turnit a Loose" (both 1969), are examples of Brown's refinement of New Orleans funk; irresistibly danceable riffs stripped down to their rhythmic essence. The tonal structure on both recordings is bare bones. The attack point is the emphasis, not the pitch structure as if the guitar were an African drum or idiophone. Alexander Stewart argues that this popular feeling lasted from "New Orleans" (through James Brown's music) to 1970s pop hits. Those same songs were revived by countless hip-hop artists from the 1970s to present. As a result, James Brown is still the world's most sampled recording artist, but his two tracks, especially with house music, jungle music, and drum and bass music (which were sped up exponentially).

The Afro-Cuban version of "Bring It Up" has a similar structure to Afro-Cuban's. Both three of these guitar riffs are based on an onbeat/offbeat pattern. It is "not an exact pattern, but more of a loosening principle," Stewart says.

When the musician's fame soared, he acquired the nickname "Soul Brother No. 1." "King of Soul" from Solomon Burke, after he failed to win the title "King of Soul" from him two years ago in a Chicago gig two years ago. Brown's recordings from the 1950s influenced musicians from various genres, including Sly and the Family Stone, Funkadelic, Charles Wright & the Watts, and Michael Jackson, who, alongside singers such as Edwin Starr, David Ruffin, and Dennis Edwards from The Temptations, cited Brown as his ultimate idol throughout his career.

During this period, Brown's band recruited musicians and arrangers who had come from elsewhere in the jazz genre. He was known for his ability as a bandleader and songwriter to weave R&B's simplicity and passion with jazz's rhythmic complexity and precision. The band was led by Trumpeter Lewis Hamlin and saxophonist/keyboardist Alfred "Pee Wee" Ellis (the successor to previous bandleader Nat Jones). Jimmy Nolen, a guitarist, performed perceptively simple riffs for each song, and Maceo Parker's iconic saxophone solos provided a focal point for several performances. Brown's bandmates included stalwart Bobby Byrd, trombonist Fred Wesley, drummer John "Jabo" Starks, Clyde Stubblefield, and Melvin Parker, saxophonist St. Clair Pinckney, guitarist Alphonso "Country" Kellum, bassist Bernard Odum, as well as bassist Bernard Odum.

Brown's output during this period included two more popular live albums, Live at the Apollo (1967), and Man to Man (1968), as well as a 1968 television special, James Brown. His music empire grew along with his fame on the music market. As Brown's musical empire expanded, his obsession with financial and artistic freedom grew as well. Brown bought radio stations in the late 1960s, including WRDW in his native Augusta, where he starred shoes as a child. According to the January 20, 1968 Record World magazine, James Brown purchased radio station WGYW in Knoxville, Tennessee, for $75,000. The call letters were changed to WJBE to reflect his initials. On January 15, 1968, WJBE launched Rhythm & Blues, a Rhythm & Blues show. "WJBE 1430 Raw Soul" was the station's catchphrase. In 1970, Brown purchased WEBB in Baltimore.

Brown went out of his way to make several albums with musicians from his own band. Brown performed Gettin' Down To It (1969), a more affluent, and mainly white adult contemporary audience, with the Dee Felice Trio and the Louie Bellson Orchestra as a result of his earlier hits. With The Dapps, a white Cincinnati band, he recorded several funk-oriented songs, including the hit "I Can't Believe Myself." He has also released three albums of Christmas songs with his own band.

Most of Brown's mid-to-late 1960s road band walked out on him due to funding difficulties, which was the cause of the group's disbandment in 1968. Brown and Bob Byrd, the original founding member of Brown's (who continued in the band as co-frontman), augmented by the remaining members of the 1960s road band (including Fred Wesley, who returned to Brown's outfit in December 1970), and other younger musicians. The band recorded "Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine") shortly after their first performance together; the album and other contemporaneous singles will help Brown's fame in the burgeoning world of funk music. The J.B.'s disbanded after a 1971 European tour (recorded on Love Power Peace's 1991 restoration) owing to new money disputes and Bootsy Collins' use of LSD; a new group of the J.B.'s coalesced around Wesley, St. Clair Pinckney, and drummer John Starks.

Brown began recording for Polydor Records in 1971. Many of his squad members and support staff, including Fred Wesley & the J.B.'s, Bobby Byrd, Lyn Collins, Vicki Anderson, and former competitor Hank Ballard, all showed up on the People label, including Fred Wesley & the J.B.

During the 1972 presidential race, James Brown openly expressed his love for Richard Nixon's reelection to the presidency over Democratic nominee George McGovern. According to Brown, the move sparked a boycott of his appearances, and he owes a significant share of his black audience. Brown's record sales and concerts in the United States dropped in 1973 as he failed to land a number-one R&B single that year. He had trouble with the IRS for failing to pay back taxes last year, despite the fact that he hadn't paid upwards of $4.5 million; five years ago, the IRS said he owes nearly $2 million.

Brown scored Black Caesar, a blaxplosion film from 1973. He returned to No. 1 in 1974. With the parent album reaching the same position on the album charts, he will reach No. 1 on the R&B charts with "The Payback." "My Thang" and "Papa Don't Take No Mess" were used 1 two times in 1974.

"Papa Don't Take No Mess" would be his last single to reach the No. 1 position. His final Top 40 pop single and 1st place on the R&B charts landlocked. "Funky President" was one of his Top Ten R&B hits during this time (R&B No. 8) (R&B No. 4) and "Get Up Off That Thing" (R&B No. 4) (4) and "Get Up Off A That Thing) (R&B No. (Instead of 4), I'm not a natural leader.

Brown, although his records were mainstays of the vanguard New York underground disco scene (exemplified by DJs such as David Mancuso and Francis Grasso), did not adhere to the trend until 1975's Sex Machine Today. He was no longer a dominant force in R&B by 1977, when he took over in 1977. With only "Bodyheat" and "Get Up Off a That Thing" in 1976 reaching the R&B Top ten and the ballad "Kiss in 77" reaching the Top 20, thirteen of Brown's late 1970s recordings for Polydor failed to make it to the Top ten of the R&B chart, with only "Bodyheat" in 1976 and the disco-oriented "It's Too Funky in Here" in 1979 debuting He also failed to appear on the Billboard Hot 100 after 1976's "Bodyheat." Brown's concert attendance began to decrease as a result, and his public relations with the IRS caused his company's fortune to crumble. In addition, many longtime colleagues (including Wesley and Maceo Parker) had increasingly voted in favour of Parliament-Funkadelic, which reached its historic and commercial peak in the 1970s. Brown's R&B charts were also hampered by the emergence of disco's slicker, more commercial style, which had superseded his rawer, one-chord funk creations.

Brown did not contribute to the songwriting and production processes by the 1979 release of "The Original Disco Man," leaving the majority of the show to producer Brad Shapiro; this resulted in the song "It's Too Funky in Here" becoming Brown's most popular single in this period. Brown left Polydor in 1981 after two more albums failed to chart. Brown changed the name of his band from the J.B. to the Soul Generals (or Soul G's). The band remained that name until his death.

Despite Brown's declining record of earnings, promoters Gary LoConti and Jim Rissmiller assisted Brown Brown in selling out a series of residency shows at Reseda Country Club in Los Angeles in early 1982. Brown's unbridled commercial reputation discouraged him from charging a large fee. Despite this, Brown's career came to a turning point, and soon he was back to the top of Hollywood. Following their appearances in Doctor Detroit (1983) and Rocky IV (1985), two films were released. In addition to guest-starring in the Miami Vice episode "Missing Hours" (1987), he appeared in the Miami Vice episode "Missing Hours." In The Blues Brothers (1980), Brown appeared alongside a slew of other Black musical luminaries.

In 1984, he collaborated with rap musician Afrika Bambaataa on the song "Unity." In 1986, he signed with Scotti Brothers Records and released the moderately popular album Gravity. "Life in America," Brown's last Top Ten pop hit and his first Top 40 pop entry since 1968, it contained his first Top Ten pop hit and his first Top Ten pop pop entry since 1968. It was also on the Rocky IV film and soundtrack, produced and written by Dan Hartman. Brown appeared in the film at Apollo Creed's last fight, shot in the Ziegfeld Room at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, and was named "the Godfather of Soul" in the film. James Brown: The Godfather of Soul, co-written with Bruce Tucker in 1986, saw the publication of his autobiography, James Brown: The Godfather of Soul. Brown received the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for "Life in America" in 1987.

Brown appeared on the new jack swing-influenced I'm Real in 1988. "I'm Real" and "Static," his final two Top 10 R&B hits, debuted, peaking at No. 2. 2 and No. 5, respectively. Meanwhile, the drum break from the original 1969 hit "Get It Up Or Turnit A Loose" (the album's compilation album In the Jungle Groove) became so popular at hip hop dance parties (especially for breakdance) during the 1980s that hip hop pioneer Kurtis Blow called the song "the national anthem of hip hop."

Brown came into jail in the late 1980s, when he was serving in jail. The Man, the Message, the Music, was released in 1992 by Larry Fridie and Thomas Hart, the first James Brown biopic. In 1991, he returned to music with the release of Love Over-Due. It contained the single "So Tired of Standing Still We Have to Move Forward" (So Stupid of Standing Around" that reached the top of the charts. On the R&B chart, there are 48 positions. Brown's old record company, Polydor, also released the four-CD box set Star Time, spanning Brown's entire career to date. Brown's release from jail also prompted his former record labels to reissue his albums on CD, which included additional tracks and analysis by music critics and historians. Brown appeared on rapper MC Hammer's video for "Too Legit to Quit" in the same year. Hammer was praised alongside Big Daddy Kane for bringing Brown's unique stage shows and their own energized dance moves to the hip-hop generation; both Brown and Big Daddy Kane praised him for introducing Brown's unique stage shows and their own dance moves to the hip-hop generation; both praised him as their idol. Both musicians sampled his music, with Hammer having sampled the beats from his album "Here Comes the Hammer," from his best-selling album Please Hammer, Don't Hurt Em. Several times, Big Daddy Kane was sampled. Following a successful run at Los Angeles' Wiltern Theatre, Brown, who had immediately returned to work with his band after his release, arranged a pay-per-view concert that was well received.

On June 10, 1991, James Brown and a star-filled line up performed in front of a packed audience at the Wiltern Theatre for a live pay-per-view at home.

James Brown: Living in America – Live!

Danny Hubbard, an Indiana producer, was the brainchild of the company. It was hosted by M.C. Hammer, as well as Bell Biv Devoe, Heavy D & the Boys, Envogue, C+C Music Factory, Quincy Jones, Sherman Hemsley, and Keenen Ivory Wayans were among the many products on display. Brown's Ice-T, Tone Loc, and Kool Moe Dee performed. In February, Brown's first public appearance since being released from the South Carolina prison system. He had been sentenced to two-and-a-half years in a row for aggravated assault and other criminal offences.

Brown's writings have piled up. Universal James' album was released in 1993. It was his last Billboard charting single, "Can't Get Any Harder," which peaked at No. 9. On the US R&B chart, they rank 76 and have risen to No. 1 at No. 76. According to the UK chart, the UK chart shows that it ranks at 59. Its brief charting in the United Kingdom was largely due to the success of a remixed version of "I Feel Well" starring Dakeyne. Brown also released "How Long" and "Georgia-Lina," which both failed to chart. Brown returned to the Apollo in 1995 and appeared Live at the Apollo 1995. It featured a single version of "Respect Me," which was released as a single; once more, it fell short of the charts. I'm Back and The Next Step, Brown's last studio albums, were released in 1998 and 2002 respectively. "Funk on Ah Roll," a hit at No. 1, was a hit on a return to No. 1. He was 40 in the United Kingdom but did not chart in his native United States, but not in the United States. Brown's last single "Killing Is Out, School Is In" was included in the Next Step. Both albums were produced by Derrick Monk. Brown's concert success, on the other hand, remained unaffected, and he maintained a grueling schedule during the remainder of his life, earning him his old nickname, "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business," despite his advanced age. Brown appeared in the PBS American Masters television documentary James Brown: Soul Survivor, directed by Jeremy Marre in 2003.

In 1997, Brown appeared in the Super Bowl XXI halftime show.

Brown celebrated his fame as a hero by appearing in a variety of entertainment and sporting activities, including an appearance in SuperBrawl X, where he performed alongside wrestler Ernest "The Cat" Miller, who based his character on Brown during his in-ring skit with The Maestro. Brown appeared in Tony Scott's short film Beat the Devil in 2001. He appeared alongside Clive Owen, Gary Oldman, Danny Trejo, and Marilyn Manson. Brown made a cameo appearance in the 2002 Jackie Chan film The Tuxedo, in which Chan was forced to finish Brown's act after mistakenly knocking him out. Brown appeared in Undercover Brother in 2002, playing himself.

Brown appeared with the Red Hot Chili Peppers at several Hyde Park concerts in London in 2004. I Feel Good: A Memoir of a Life of Soul, written with Marc Eliot at the start of 2005. He appeared in recording sessions for an upcoming studio album with Fred Wesley, Pee Wee Ellis, and other longtime collaborators in February and March. Despite this disappointment in the album, which remains unveiled, "Gut Bucket," a track from the sessions appeared on a compilation CD with MOJO's August 2006 issue, although he did not appear on it. He appeared on Edinburgh's The Final Push, the final Live 8 show on July 6, 2005, where he performed a duet with British pop star Will Young on "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag." Brown was featured on "They Don't Want Music" on the Black Eyed Peas album "Monkey Business." On the United Kingdom chat show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, he had appeared on a duet with another British pop star, Joss Stone. Brown's Seven Decades of Funk World Tour began in 2006 in Brazil. On the Great Meadow at Fort Mason, his last major U.S. appearance was on August 20, 2006, as headliner at the Festival of the Golden Gate (Foggfest). He appeared at an 800-seat auditorium at Humboldt State University in Arcata, California, the next day. His last shows were met with raves, and one of his last concert appearances at the Irish Oxegen festival in Punchestown in 2006 attracted a record crowd of 80,000 people. On October 27, 2006, he appeared in full for The Roundhouse, which was sponsored by The Zutons, with special appearances from Max Beasley and The Sugababes.

Brown's last television appearance at his induction into the UK Music Hall of Fame in November 2006 was shortly after his death the following month. Brown had been scheduled to appear on "Vengeance" with singer Annie Lennox before his death.

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