Irving Kristol

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Irving Kristol (January 22, 1920 – September 18, 2009) was an American journalist who was dubbed the "godfather of neoconservatism."

He was a founder, editor, and contributor to several magazines during the twentieth century's intellectual and political culture.

"Possibly the most influential public intellectual of the twentieth century's second half," he said after his death.

Early life and education

Kristol was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of non-observant Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe, Bessie (Mailman) and Joseph Kristol.

He graduated from Boys High School in Brooklyn, New York, in 1936, receiving his B.A. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1940, where he concentrated in history. He was a member of the Young People's Socialist League in college and was a member of a small but vocal group of Trotskyist anti-Soviets, later known as the New York Intellectuals. Kristol met historian Gertrude Himmelfarb, who died in 1942 at these meetings. Elizabeth Nelson and Bill Kristol were married and had two children.

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Career

Kristol was a member of the Congress of Cultural Freedom. Elliot E. Cohen, editor of today's magazine, wrote a column from 1947 to 1952 (not to be confused with Eliot A. Cohen, the writer of today's paper). He co-founded and contributed to Encounter from 1953 to 1958, and he was editor of The Reporter from 1959 to 1960. Stephen Spender, with Stephen Spender, was co-founder and contributor to the British-based Encounter. He served as executive vice president of Basic Books from 1961 to 1969, as the Henry Luce Professor of Urban Values at New York University from 1969 to 1987, co-founder and co-editor (first with Daniel Bell and then Nathan Glazer) of The Public Interest from 1965 to 2002. From 1985 to 2002, he served as the founder and editor of The National Interest. Kristol left in the late 1960s and became affiliated with the American Enterprise Institute following Ramparts' publication of reports revealing Central Intelligence Agency funding of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, which was widely distributed elsewhere.

Kristol was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and a fellow emeritus at the American Enterprise Institute (having been an associate fellow from 1972, a senior fellow from 1977, and a John M. Olin Distinguished Fellow from 1998 to 1999). He served as a member of The Wall Street Journal's board of contributors from 1972 to 1997. He served on the National Endowment for the Humanities from 1972 to 1977.

Kristol and William E. Simon founded The Institute For Education Affairs in 1978, which became The Madison Center for Educational Affairs as a result of a merger with the Madison Center.

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