Hussain Muhammad Ershad

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Brig. Hussain Muhammad Ershad (Bengali), a Bangladeshi Army chief and Islamist politician who served as the President of Bangladesh from 1983 to 1990, a period when many believe to have been a military tyrant dictatorship.

During a bloodless coup against President Abdus Sattar on March 24, 1982 (by enforcing martial law and suspending the Constitution), he seized power as the head of the army. In 1983, he declared himself President and then won the tumultuous 1986 Bangladeshi presidential election. Despite claims to have legitimately won the 1986 election, several analysts believe that his government was now a period of military draconism. Ershad served in the White House until 1990, when he was forced to resign after a popular pro-democracy demonstration led by Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina. Ershad founded the Jatiya Party in 1986 and became a Member of Parliament for that party in Rangpur-3's constituency, with successful re-election in all subsequent general elections.

During his tenure, Ershad sought devolution reforms, nationalised industries privatization, the modernization of the national highway system, and the establishment of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation; he pledged his nation's forces as an ally to the US in the Gulf War. He was instrumental in the growth of infrastructure and socioeconomic growth, as well as the demise of key nationalized industries. Ershad pushed parliament to make Islam the state religion in 1989, a radical departure from Bangladesh's original secular constitution.

In 1987, Ershad was honoured with the United Nations Population Award for his contributions to population and environmental causes.

Ershad's former private secretary Manzurul Islam said Ershad was killed by slow-poisoning on October 8th, 2022. He accused Awami League, Mashiur Rahaman Bablu, Ziauddin Ahmed Bablu, and DGFI's undercover officer Major Khaled Aktar of being responsible for the assassination.

Personal life

In 1956, Ershad married Rowshan Ershad. Saad Ershad and the two children, Jebin Ershad Jebin and her husband and two children, Nico Ershad and Savi Ershad were married in London, and they had a son and daughter.

Rowshan was elected five times as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad party, and he was voted every time by the Jatiya party. Ershad only registered to the Awami League-led alliance in 2008, and Rowshan went with BNP. She became the Jatiya party's senior co-chairman following her death.

Ershad married Bidisha Siddique in 2000. In 2005, the then BNP government brought sedition and sedition charges against her. He divorced her for reportedly concealing her first marriage, which was not annulled at the time of their marriage. Eric Ershad, their son, was born together.

Ershad had adopted a son.

Marieum Mumtaz, a woman from the United Kingdom's The Observer newspaper, wrote about her in 1986 as "seconvently married Ershad, who later compelled her to divorce banker Chowdhury Badruddin. The tale appeared in the New York Post and The Sunday Correspondent early in 1990. She filed a lawsuit against Ershad in the United States in June 1990, seeking divorce. She pleaded that he had abandoned her.

Ershad and Zeenat Mosharraf met at a Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation guest house in 1990, according to Dainik Bangla, a government-owned daily. A. K. M. Mosharraf Hossain, Zeenat's husband, served as the company's secretary from 1988 until he was given a job in Ershad's government as the Minister of Industry's secretary.

Ershad was a Sufi Pir Atroshichi scholar and spent a long time with him during his presidency.

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Early life and military career

Ershad was born in 1930 at Dinhata, Cooch Behar, British India (now in Cooch Behar district, India) to Mokbul Hossain and Mazida Khatun in a Bengali-speaking Nashya Shaikh family. Mokbul, a lawyer and minister of Cooch Behar's then Maharaja, served as a minister. Ershad was the eldest of nine siblings, including GM Quader, Mozammel Hossain Lalu, and Merina Rahman. After the Partition of India, his parents migrated from Dinhata to East Bengal in 1948. Ershad attended Carmichael College in Rangpur. He graduated from the University of Dhaka in 1950.

Ershad was recruited into the Pakistan Army in 1952 from an officers' training school in Kohat. He was an adjutant in Chittagong's regimental training depot. In 1966, he completed advanced courses from the Command and Staff College in Quetta. After being in Sialkot with a brigade, he was given command of the 3rd East Bengal Regiment in 1969 and 1971's East Bengal Regiment.

Political career since 1991

Ershad is the only high-profile politician to be found guilty of misconduct and serve a prison term. The investigation and settlement of the corruption claims against senior politicians in Bangladesh are likely to delay due to legal uncertainties. Lawyer Shahdeen Malik told the BBC, "we really don't know what will be the outcome of these cases."

When Ershad's links with the ruling Awami League worsened, he dropped out of parliament as a result of his conviction on suspicion of misconduct. Khaleda Zia, his one-time political foe and the country's top opposition figure, reacted an anti-government alliance. The unethical court decision was therefore rendered.

Both Khaleda Zia of BNP and Sheikh Hasina of Awami League allied together to depose Ershad. Ironically, both of these two major parties joined with him and his Jatiya Party in the early days of their need to serve their purpose.

After long parley of Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury with Sheikh Hasina, Ershad called President Iajuddin Ahmed three times and Kazi Zafar Ahmed twice on December 23rd to not extend two days for filing nominations for the scheduled 22 January 2007 elections. However, Chowdhury persuaded all concerned that without both Awami League and BNP, the election will not be credible.

Ershad resigned partially from the position of Party chairman on June 30, 2007, putting an end to his political career. Tareq Rahman, the Caretaker Government's son of Awami League and BNP, is accused of, among other things, Sheikh Hasina, Khaleda Zia, and Zia's son Tareq Rahman.

The Supreme Court of Bangladesh found that President Ershad's initial detention in 1990 by the caretaker government, led by Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, was unlawful. Ershad may have sued the government for unlawful detention under this decision. Ershad was found guilty of a separate and unrelated charge eleven years after being arrested.

Ershad has been sentenced to prison for only one felony that has been upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States – the Janata Tower Case. His ties with the ruling Awami League deteriorated as he joined hands with Khaleda Zia, the other main opposition BNP in the region.

He was found guilty of the Janata corruption case and was sentenced to seven years in jail by the trial court. The High Court Division affirmed the conviction but sentenced the sentence to five years. The individuals were charged with the Janata's construction. It involved two charges: abuse of power in allotting land in Dhaka, which occurred after Ershad colluded with M. M. Rahmat Ullah; and unlawful possession of unaccounted property. Ershad was found guilty under the Prevention Act by the Justice in his 91-page decision.

On the 20th of November 2000, Ershad was found guilty of corruption. After spending four months in prison in Dhaka, he was released on bail on April 9, 2001. As a result, he was unable to run in the 2001 election.

There were also a few other pending lawsuits against him at the time of his death, but the majority had been dismissed or cleared of any wrongdoing. A gold smuggling lawsuit was the most significant case that the BNP Government wrongly accused him by at the time. A Dhaka Court dismissed this petition later.

He protested against the unpopular Election Commissioner (CEC) MA Aziz's decision on holding elections in 2006.

Ershad joined the BNP's 4-Party Alliance after meetings with Tarique and Babar were followed by a meeting with Khaleda Zia at her Mainul Road House in 2006. However, in late October 2006, he stated that he did not belong to the 4-Party Alliance, reversing his position the next day. With Sheikh Hasina, then went into hiding for three days and joined the Awami League's Grand Alliance at Paltan Maidan.

But Hasina later broke the terms that had promised to make Ershad the President for at least six months. Moeen had promised to make him president before January 11, 2007, but did not. Ershad Had been offered the role of head of the government by Sheikh Hasina in 1991, as well as Khaleda Zia in 1996, just before the Awami League founded the government after a period of 21 years. Since the 1996 elections, Ershad had joined the 4-Party alliance but later.

Ershad assumed the leadership of his Jatiya Party for the eighth time on April 8, 2008. The Jatiya Party and Awami League announced on 19 November 2008 that they would contest the elections jointly under the Caretaker Government, which will be held on December 29th, 2008. Ershad's Jatiya Party defeated 49 (later 42) seats in the parliament's 340 constituencies, as Awami League did not pull back its candidates from few seats (as agreed earlier) and members of a Leftist Fourteen Party Coalition pulled out of the rest of the remaining 250 seats from the rest of the remaining 250 seats. The Grand Alliance in Bangladesh has therefore arisen.

Ershad contest the Bangladesh Parliamentary Election 2008 from three constituencies. According to Bangladesh electoral rules, a person is allowed to run from three political parties, but only one seat is allowed, and two others are to have by-elections after the establishment of the government. Rangpur (Rangpur-3 and Kurigram-2), and Dhaka-17, the capital's diplomatic zone, where he lives, were among these constituencies. He secured all three seats in the race.

The 2014 election was tumultuous for Jatiya's conservative government, where Ershad's spokesperson Bobby Hajjaj had first announced that the Jatiya Party would not run in the election. Ershad was the special envoy of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in the Awami League-led government following the 2014 election. The Jatiya Party constituted the opposition party, and Rowshan Ershad's wife became the opposition leader. Despite being in the opposition party, several Jatiya Party officials were also in the government cabinet. Ershad's brother, GM Quader, was named vice chairman of the party in January 2016. Ershad appointed Rowshan as the party's vice chairman in April 2016. Ershad Mirshad suggested in March 2017 that he might form a new political alliance with 14 other groups. The Jatiya Party under Ershad has formed a 58 party grand alliance of its own for the forthcoming general election. However, out of the 58 groups, only the Jatiya Party and Bangladesh Islami Front had voter registration as of 2017.

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