Hugh Carey

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Hugh Leo Carey (April 11, 1919 – August 7, 2011) was an American politician and advocate.

He served as a seven-term Representative from 1961 to 1974, as well as the 51st Governor of New York from 1975 to 1982.

Early life

Carey was born in New York City, the son of Margaret (née Collins) and Dennis Joseph Carey. Edward M. Carey (former president of Carey Energy Corporation) and Martin T. Carey (an entrepreneur who owned Winfield Hall and Bogheid in Newport) were among his siblings.

Carey enlisted in the New York National Guard as a private in C Squadron, 102nd Cavalry, in 1939. He later served as a major in the 104th Infantry Division, also known as the "Timberwolves." As the Regimental S-3, operations officer, he served in the 415th Infantry Regiment of the 104th Division. Throughout its 10-month service in the European Theater of Operations, Carey was with the 104th Division, which included operations in Northern France, Holland, and Germany. His awards include Combat Infantryman Badge, the Bronze Star with Oak Leaf Clusters, and the Croix de Guerre with Silver Star. In 1946, he was dismissed at the rank of colonel.

He earned his B.A. In 1942, William St. John's University received its first degree. Following his military service, he enrolled in the institution's law school, where he obtained his J.D. In 1951, a girl named Arthur Dutton was born in Cambridge, Georgia. In the same year, he was admitted to the New York state bar.

Personal life

Carey married Helen Owen (1924–1974) in 1947. The two children had a wonderful marriage and became the parents of Alexandria, Christopher, Susan, Hugh, Jr., Michael, Donald, Nancy, Bryan, Paul, and Thomas. The family lived at 61 Prospect Park West, a 1910 Park Slope mansion built for the daughter of Bon Ami Company chairman and Progressive Era philanthropist William H. Childs; a decade later, Carey sold the house to writer Pete Hamill. Helen, his wife, died of breast cancer in 1974. In 1969, Peter and Hugh, Jr., died in a car crash. The death of his wife devastated Carey and put the White House's proposals into question. Paul, the White House Special Assistant to President Bill Clinton as well as the 77th Commissioner of the Securities and Exchange Commission, died of cancer in 2001.

Carey married Evangeline Gouletas, a Chicago-based real estate mogul, just three months after meeting her. This union was both a political and a political risk. Gouletas' marital history sparked controversy due to inaccurate information about her marital history. Gouletas ostensibly denied being widow of a single marriage, but later announced on the marriage license that she had two ex-husbands. Gouletas also said that her first husband, with whom she had a child, was deceased, but that he was still alive at the time. In reality, she had three previous marriages, and all three of her former husbands were still living at the time. He married a thrice-divorced woman in a Greek Orthodox Church, causing Concern with the Catholic Church of Ireland, although the church, which does not recognize civil no-fault divorce, has declined to offer communion. The marriage damaged his public image to the extent. In 1989, Carey and Gouletas were divorced.

Carey later referred to this marriage as "his biggest failure."

On August 7, 2011, aged 92, Carey died surrounded by his family. He was on Shelter Island, New York, in the summer.

He was named as the winner of the University at Albany Foundation's Citizen Laureate Award on October 22, 2009. The Brooklyn Battery Tunnel had been officially renamed "Hugh L. Carey Tunnel" on October 22, 2012. In 1984, the Rochester Institute of Technology's Building 14 was named for Carey.

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Career

Carey was a partner in Finley, Kumble, Wagner, Underberg, Manley, Myerson & Casey.

Carey, a Democrat running for office in 1960, defeated Republican incumbent Francis E. Dorn in the United States House of Representatives. Carey's seven terms in office coincided with significant demographic shifts in his territory, including deindustralization and the decline of numerous warehouses; concomitant gentrification in several communities; and the construction of the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (which prompted emigration by working-class whites to the more suburban borough of Staten Island) in 1964. Despite being erroneously portrayed as the first congressman to condemn the Vietnam War (a position taken by Morningside Heights-based congressman William Fitts Ryan), he may have been the first member of the Brooklyn congressional delegation to speak out against the conflict.

Adam Clayton Powell, then Chairman of the House Education and Labor Committee, appointed him in 1966 as Chairman of the Adhoc Subcommittee on the Handicapped. In Washington and New York City, the subcommittee held hearings, and Carey introduced HR 14. For the first time, the "Carey Bill" established a fund to the states for "initiating, expanding, or improving education for children with disabilities. In addition, there were other titles mirroreding the layout of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, PL 89-10, which Carey had aided Powell in passing as part of the Lyndon Baines Johnson campaign.

Three sections of the bill were voted on by the Senate: the grants to states, a new Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, and a National Advisory Committee were among the recommendations. John Fogerty of Rhode Island, the powerful Chairman of the Appropriations Subcommittee that provided grants for all Health, Education, and Welfare services, supported Carey's bill. In 1966, the bill became Title VI of the ESEA as Public Law 89-750. Carey also sponsored and saw the Deaf Bill pass last year, which will be based on the campus of the world's biggest liberal arts college for the deaf. He and Fogerty sponsored the Deaf, which was given to the Rochester Institute of Technology in 1965.

Beginning with a $2.5 million budget, the Carey Bill and its state grant program began, with each state being funded for its implementation. In the second year, the appropriation was $12.25 million and was distributed among the states in proportion to their population. The Education for All Handicapped Children Bill, PL 94-142, was passed in 1975 by the Congress, which today distributes $11 billion to the states for this purpose.

He served on the House Ways and Means Committee and was in charge of the introduction of the first federal Aid to Education grant. He was elected governor of New York in 1974 and resigned his post as governor of New York on December 31, 1974.

Carey ran briefly for the Democratic nomination for Mayor in 1969. On the ticket led by former Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr., Carey barely won the primary to incumbent City Council President Francis X. Smith. Then briefly ran for Mayor as a result of the death of his two eldest sons in a car accident.

Carey became New York's first Democratic governor in 16 years in 1974, defeating Howard Samuels for the Democratic nomination and later unseating incumbent Republican Malcolm Wilson, who had assumed the office after Nelson Rockefeller resigned in December 1973 to serve on the Commission on Critical Choices for Americans. The 1974 election was dominated nationally by the Watergate scandal, which also harmed Republicans nationwide and forced President Richard Nixon's presidency. Democrats recovered the New York State Assembly in 1974.

Carey is best remembered for his success in the mid-1970s as a result of New York City's economic crisis. Carey came to office in New York City close to bankruptcy and has been credited with bringing business and labor together to help save New York City from the fiscal crisis. Carey managed to maintain state spending growth at a slower pace than inflation through his regular use of line-item vetoes and legislative conflicts in New York City, which were at the time divided between a Republican-controlled Senate and a Democratic-controlled Assembly.

Carey lowered taxes significantly following the change of government from 14% to 10%, and capping personal responsibility tax at 9%, as well as lowering capital gains taxes as well. To encourage new investment, his government has also extended tax credits to encourage new investment. As governor, he was responsible for the construction of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in Battery Park City, Battery Park City; the South Street Seaport, and the economic growth of New York City's outer boroughs. He also contributed to the construction of the Carrier Dome at Syracuse University. He is also known for preventing conservative lawmakers from reinstating the death penalty and preventing such legislators from abolishing state abortion laws.

Carey's signed the Willowbrook Consent Decent Decent Decent Decent Decent Decent Decent Decent was signed by the government, which brought an end to the care of the mentally impaired and developmental disabled. His vision and leadership resulted in the community's placement of the mentally ill and developmentally disabled. Carey also pardoned Cleveland "Jomo" Davis, one of the leaders of the Attica prison protests, making significant strides in community services for the mentally ill.

Carey's tenure in office was marked by growing appreciation of the city's rich industrial base, as well as the federal government's designation of the Love Canal disaster area. His administration prioritized environmental concerns over environmental concerns.

Carey, along with Senator Edward Kennedy and Daniel Patrick Moynihan and U.S. House Speaker Tip O'Neill, led efforts to end the bloodshed in Northern Ireland and maintain stability in the area. The four Irish-American politicians dubbed themselves "The Four Horsemen."

In 1976 and 1980, Carey considered running for president. Carey's first wife died in 1974, and Carey later attributed her decision not to run for president in 1976 to her death. In 1978, former Assembly Speaker Perry Duryea and State Assembly Minority Leader Perry Duryea voted him for re-election. Carey was the first Democrat re-elected in 40 years after a lengthy, often hostile campaign.

Carey, a tyrant, declined a third term as governor in 1982 and returned to private law practice. Mario Cuomo, his lieutenant governor, was named after him on January 1, 1983.

Carey declared in 1989 that he was no longer pro-choice and regretted his support for legalized abortion and public funding of abortion as governor. He joined other anti-abortion activists in signing the anti-abortion book "A New American Compact: Caring About Women, Caring for the Unborn" in 1992.

He was of counsel at Shea & Gould's law firm later in his life. He continued to practice law as a member of the Harris Beach law firm and sat on the board of Triarc Cos., the Nelson Peltz controlled holding company.

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