Henry Kissinger

At 100 years old, Henry Kissinger has this physical status:

Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, 1923) is an American politician, diplomat, and geopolitical advisor who served as the United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford's presidential administrations.

He became both National Security Advisor and Secretary of State in 1969 and 1973, a Jewish immigrant who fled Nazi Germany with his family.

Kissinger received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973 for his efforts in implementing a ceasefire in Vietnam, despite two members of the committee resigning in protest.

Kissinger continued to try to recover the award after the ceasefire ended. Realism's Kissinger, a thinker who argued for change in the US foreign policy between 1969 and 1977.

He pioneered the détente policy with the Soviet Union, orchestrated the establishment of contacts with the People's Republic of China, started in what became known as shuttle diplomacy in the Middle East to put an end to the Yom Kippur War, and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, putting an end to American participation in the Vietnam War.

Despite the genocide perpetrated by his allies, Kissinger has also been blamed for such controversial initiatives as the United States' involvement in the 1973 Chilean military coup, a "goal" for Argentina's military junta for their Dirty War, and US support for Pakistan during the Bangladesh War.

Kissinger Associates, a multinational geopolitical consultancy company, was established after leaving the government.

Kissinger has written more than a dozen books on diplomatic history and international relations. Kissinger has long been regarded as a controversial figure in American politics, and journalists, political activists, and human rights lawyers have slammed him as an alleged war criminal.

According to a 2014 survey by Foreign Policy magazine, 32.2 percent of leading American foreign affairs scholars think Kissinger is the most influential US Secretary of State since 1965.

Early life and education

Heinz Alfred Kissinger, 1923, in Fürth, Bavaria, Weimar Republic, the son of homemaker Paula (née Stern; 1901–1998), and Louis Kissinger (1887–1982), a schoolteacher, was born in Kissinger. Walter, his younger brother, was born in 1924–2021. His family was German Jewish. After the Bavarian spa town of Bad Kissingen, his surname Kissinger was adopted in 1817 by his great-great-grandfather Meyer Löb. Kissinger loved soccer in his youth. He played for Spvgg Fürth's youth team, one of the country's best clubs at the time. He vividly remembered being nine years old in 1933 and learning of Adolf Hitler's election as the Chancellor of Germany, which was a major turning point for the Kissinger family.

Kissinger and his family fled Germany as a result of Nazi persecution in 1938. During Nazi rule, Kissinger and his allies were regularly harassed and beaten by Hitler Youth groups. Kissinger sometimes defied segregation introduced by Nazi racial laws by sneaking into soccer stadiums to watch games, often resulting in beatings from security guards. Kissinger was unable to gain admission to the Gymnasium as a result of the Nazis' anti-Semitic laws, and his father was barred from teaching. The family migrated to London briefly before arriving in New York City on September 5. "Germany of my youth had a lot of order but not so much justice," Kissinger later wrote, "not the kind of place that would inspire obedience to order in the abstract." However, many scholars, including Kissinger's biographer Walter Isaacson, disagreed and claimed that his experiences influenced his realist approach to foreign policy.

Kissinger spent his high school years in Upper Manhattan's Washington Heights neighborhood as part of the German Jewish immigrant group that lived there at the time. Although Kissinger assimilated quickly into American culture, he never lost his pronounced German accent due to his childhood shyness, which made him hesitant to speak. After his first year at George Washington High School, he began attending school at night and spent time in a shaving wood factory during the day.

Kissinger was accepted into the City College of New York, where he concentrated on accounting after high school. He excelled academically as a part-time student, and he continued to work after enrolling. When he was first drafted into the United States Army in early 1943, his studies were interrupted.

Family and personal life

Ann Fleischer was married on February 6, 1949, Kissinger married Ann Fleischer. Elizabeth and David were married in 1964 and divorced in 1964. Nancy Maginnes was married on March 30, 1974, on March 30, 1974. They now live in Kent, Connecticut, and New York City. David Kissinger's son spent time with NBC Universal Television Studio before taking over Conaco, Conan O'Brien's production company, in 2005. Henry Kissinger underwent coronary bypass surgery in February 1982 at the age of 58.

In a 1973 interview, Kissinger referred to Diplomacy as his favorite sport.

Kissinger was dubbed one of the most influential figures in soccer development in the United States, according to Daryl Grove. In 1978, Kissinger was appointed chairman of the North American Soccer League board of directors.

Kissinger has been a fan of his hometown soccer team, Spvgg Fürth (now Spvgg Greuther Forth). Even before his time in office, the German Embassy notified him about the team's achievements every Monday morning. He is an honorary member of the National Museum of Honorary with lifetime season-tickets. Kissinger attended a home game against Schalke in September 2012, promising years ago that if they were promoted to the Bundesliga, Germany's top football league, from the 2. Bundesliga is a national football team.

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Academic career

Henry Kissinger received his Bachelor Degree from Harvard College in 1950, where he lived in Adams House and studied under William Yandell Elliott. His senior undergraduate thesis, entitled The Meaning of History: Reflections on Spengler, Toynbee, and Kant, was over 400 pages long, and was the source of the current length limit (35,000 words). He earned his MA and PhD degrees at Harvard University in 1951 and 1954, respectively. He founded Confluence, a Harvard graduate student, as a consultant to the Psychological Strategy Board's director. At the time, he was attempting to work as an informer for the FBI.

Peace, Legitimacy, and the Equilibrium, Stefan's doctoral dissertation (A Study of the Statesmanship of Castlereagh and Metternich). Kissinger's PhD dissertation introduced the term "legitimacy" first, which he characterized as follows: "Legitimacy should not be confused with justice." It means there is no more than an international agreement on the nature of workable arrangements and the acceptance of foreign policy goals and methods. An international order that has been accepted by all of the major powers is "legitimate," while an international order not recognized by one or two of the great powers is "revolutionary" and hence risky. Therefore, after Austria, Prussia, and Russia took part in a series of three Partitions of Poland in 1815, the heads of all five Great Powers of Europe decided to cooperate in the Concert of Europe to maintain the stability, according to Kissinger's view. Notably, Kissinger's primat der aussenpolitik pedagogy took it for granted that as long as the decision-makers in the major states were able to accept the international order, it is "legitimate" with questions of public opinion and morality dismissed as irrelevant.

Kissinger remained a member of the Harvard Institute of Government, where he served as the head of the Harvard International Seminar from 1951 to 1971. In 1955, he served as a consultant to the National Security Council's Operations Coordinating Board, providing a service to the national Security Council's Operations Coordinating Board. He served as both study director for nuclear weapons and international affairs at the Council on Foreign Relations in 1955 and 1956. The following year, he published his book Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy. The book, which condemned the Eisenhower Administration's "comprehensive retaliation" nuclear policy, caused a lot of confusion at the time by recommending the use of tactical nuclear weapons on a regular basis to win wars. He published A World Restored, a study of balance-of-power politics in post-Napoleonic Europe in the same year.

Kissinger served for the Rockefeller Brothers Fund from 1956 to 1958 as the project's director. From 1958 to 1971, he was the head of the Harvard Defense Studies Program. He co-founded the Center for International Affairs in 1958 with Robert R. Bowie, where he served as its associate director. He worked as an advisor to several government departments and think tanks, including the Operations Research Office, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and RAND Corporation, outside of academia, including the Operations Research Office and the Department of Defense.

Kissinger, who wanted to have a greater impact on US foreign policy, was invited to assist him in his presidential campaigns in 1960, 1964, and 1968. Richard Nixon was first introduced to him at a party held by Clare Boothe Luce in 1967, who said he found him more "thoughtful" than he expected. Kissinger served as the foreign policy advisor to Rockefeller during the 1968 Republican primaries and named Nixon "the most volatile of all the men running for president" in July 1968. Initially furious when Nixon received the Republican nomination, the dynamic Kissinger quickly changed his mind about Nixon and phoned Richard Allen, a Nixon campaign manager, to state that he was able to help Nixon win. Kissinger was named as National Security Advisor after Nixon became president in January 1969. According to his official biographer Niall Ferguson, he was unquestionably "one of the most influential theorists on foreign policy ever to be produced by the United States of America."

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Awards, honors, and associations

• Kissinger and Le Duc Tho were jointly offered the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for their work on the Paris Peace Accords which prompted the withdrawal of American forces from the Vietnam war. (Le Duc Tho declined to accept the award on the grounds that such "bourgeois sentimentalities" were not for him[40] and that peace had not actually been achieved in Vietnam.) Kissinger donated his prize money to charity, did not attend the award ceremony and later offered to return his prize medal after the fall of South Vietnam to North Vietnamese forces 18 months later.[40]
• In 1973, Kissinger received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.
• In 1976, Kissinger became the first honorary member of the Harlem Globetrotters.