George H.W. Bush

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George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924 – November 30, 2018) was an American politician and businessman who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993.

To distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd president from 2001 to 2009, he is usually described as George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, or Bush 41.

Bush, a Republican Party member, also served in the House of Representatives as President George Bush, as the United States representative. Ambassador to the United Nations as Director of Central Intelligence and as the US's 43rd vice president. Before serving in the United States Navy during World War II, Bush was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, and attended Phillips Academy. He graduated from Yale University and moved to West Texas, where he established a profitable oil company following the war.

He won election to Texas's 7th congressional district in 1966 after an unsuccessful bid for the United States Senate.

In 1971, President Richard Nixon named Bush as Ambassador to the United Nations and then as chairman of the Republican National Committee in 1973.

President Gerald Ford appointed him as the Chief of the Liaison Office in China in 1974, and in 1976, Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence.

Early life and education (1924–1948)

On June 12, 1924, George Herbert Walker Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts. As a tribute to him, he was the second son of Prescott Bush and Dorothy (Walker) Bush Jr., as well as his younger brother, Prescott Bush Jr., while his maternal grandfather, George Herbert Walker, was named as "Pop" in Columbus, Ohio.

Prescott was employed with W. A. Harriman & Co. in Greenwich, Connecticut, and the Bush family later became Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.) the following year. Bush spent the bulk of his childhood in Greenwich, Maine, either at the family's holiday home in Kennebunkport, Maine, or at his maternal grandparents' plantation in South Carolina.

Bush was largely unaffected by the Great Depression because of his family's wealth. He attended Greenwich Country Day School from 1929 to 1937, and Phillips Academy, Massachusetts' highest private academy, from 1937 to 1942. While at Phillips Academy, he served as president of the senior class, secretary of the student council, president of the school newspaper, and captain of the varsity baseball and soccer teams.

He enlisted in the United States Navy as a naval aviator on his 18th birthday, right after graduating from Phillips Academy. He was commissioned as an ensign in the Naval Reserve at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi on June 9, 1943, becoming one of the Navy's youngest aviators. Bush began his career in the Pacific Theater, where he flew a Grumman TBF Avenger, a torpedo bomber capable of taking off from aircraft carriers. His squadron was sent to San Jacinto, as a member of Air Group 51, where his lanky physique gave him the nickname "Skin."

In May 1944, Bush launched his first war mission, bombing Japanese-controlled Wake Island, and was promoted to lieutenant (junior grade) on August 1, 1944. Bush's aircraft launched multiple targets in Chichijima but were shot down by enemy fire. Despite the fact that both of Bush's crew members died, Bush managed to pull out from the plane and was rescued by the US Finback. Several of the aviators were captured and executed, and their livers were devoured by their captors. "Why was I was spared and what did God have for me?" Bush's recovery after such close brush with death inspired him greatly, prompting him to ask, "Why was I not spared and what did God have for me?" He was later named with the Distinguished Flying Cross for his service on the mission.

In November 1944, Bush returned to San Jacinto, where he was active in Philippine operations. He was assigned to VT-153, a new combat squadron, in early 1945, where he trained to fight mainland Japan. He worked in Auburn, Maine, where he and Barbara lived in a tiny apartment between March and May 1945. Following the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on September 2, 1945, Japan officially surrendered on September 2, 1945, well before any invasion took place. Bush was released from active service the same month, but he was not officially discharged from the Navy until October 1955, when he had been promoted to lieutenant rank. Bush had flown 58 missions, completed 128 carrier landings, and achieved a total of 1228 hours of flight time by the end of his time as active service.

In December 1941, Bush and Barbara Pierce married at a Christmas dance in Greenwich, and the pair became engaged in December 1943, after a period of courtship. Although Bush was on leave from the Navy, they married in Rye, New York, on January 6, 1945. The Bushes enjoyed a successful marriage, and Barbara will go on to be known as "a kind of national grandmother" later in life. They had six children: George W. (b.) 1946), Robin (1949-1953), Jeb (b. Neil (b. 1953) Neil (B.S. Marvin, 1955 (b. ), Marvin (b.). Doro, 1956), and John (b. (British Columbia, 1959) In 1953, the family's oldest daughter, Robin, died of leukemia.

Bush attended Yale College, where he completed a four-year degree rather than the normal four. He was elected president of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He captained the Yale baseball team and appeared in the first two College World Series as a left-handed first baseman. He was a member of Yale's cheerleading squad and was initiated into the Skull and Bones clandestine society, like his father. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from Phi Beta Kappa in 1948.

Personal life

Bush was suffering from Graves' disease, a non-conservative thyroid disorder that his wife Barbara also suffered from in 1991. In 2000 and 2007, Bush underwent two separate hip replacement surgeries. Bush's legs began to dreadful as a result of Parkinson's disease. He had started having problems walking, first requiring a walking stick for mobility assistance before he had to rely on a wheelchair from 2011 to 2020.

Bush, a lifelong Episcopalian and a member of St. Martin's Episcopal Church in Houston, was a member of the Episcopal Church of the Episcopal Church in Houston. As President George Bush, he attended services at St. John's Episcopal Church in Washington, D.C. Robin recalled several events in his life that had influence on his faith, including his escape from Japanese forces in 1944 and 1953's death of his three-year-old daughter Robin. Following his ascension as vice president, his faith was reflected in his "thousand points of light" address, his support for prayer in schools, and his support for the pro-life campaign.

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Business career (1948–1963)

Bush moved his young family to West Texas after graduating from Yale. Bush's relocation to Texas enabled him to escape the "daily shadow" of his Wall Street father and Grandfather Walker, two top financial figures, but it would also encourage Bush to "call on their names if he needed to raise money, according to biographer Jon Meacham. He started as an oil field equipment salesman for Dresser Industries, which was commanded by family friend Neil Mallon. Bush lived in various parts of Texas; Ventura, Bakersfield, and Compton, California; and Midland, Texas, Texas; when working for Dresser. In 1952, he campaigned for Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower's winful presidential bid. His father ran for office in Connecticut as a member of the Republican Party in the same year.

In 1951, Bush and John Overbey founded the Bush-Overbey Oil Development Company, with help from Mallon and Bush's uncle, George Herbert Walker Jr., Bush and John Overbey. He co-founded the Zapata Petroleum Corporation, an oil company that drilled in Texas's Permian Basin in 1953. He was appointed president of the Zapata Offshore Company, a division of the Zapata Offshore Company that specialized in offshore exploration, in 1954. Bush and his family immigrated from Midland to Houston shortly after the subsidiary became independent in 1959. James Baker, a well-known advocate who later became a crucial political ally, was befriended here. Bush did not work with Zapata until the mid-1960s, when he sold his shares in the company for about $1 million.

An article in 1988 alleged that Bush served as an informant of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the 1960s; Bush denied this assertion.

Early political career (1963–1971)

Bush was widely regarded as a leading Democratic candidate in the early 1960s, and some influential Democrats attempted to convince Bush to become a Democrat. He refused to leave the Republican Party, later citing his belief that the national Democratic Party preferred "large, central government." The Democratic Party had traditionally dominated Texas, but Republicans won their first major election in the state with John G. Tower's victory in a 1961 special election to the United States Senate. Bush ran for the chairmanship of the Harris County Republican Party, being motivated by Tower's election and wishing to discourage the far-right John Birch Society from taking power. Bush favored conservative Senator Barry Goldwater over the more centrist Nelson Rockefeller in the 1964 Republican presidential primaries, like most other Texas Republicans.

In 1964, Bush attempted to depose liberal Senator Ralph W. Yarborough in Texas's U.S. Senate election. Bush won the Republican primary by defeating former gubernatorial nominee Jack Cox in a run-off election, despite high funding. Bush sluggishly voted against Yarborough's 1964 Civil Rights Act, which banned racial and gender discrimination in public buildings and in many privately owned enterprises. Bush argued that the act expanded the powers of the federal government in unconstitutional ways, but that he was privately dissatisfied with the act's racial politics. He lost the election by 56% to 44 percent, though he did run well ahead of Barry Goldwater, the Republican presidential nominee. Despite the defeat, The New York Times announced that Bush was "rated by both political acquaintance and adversary alike as the Republicans' best hope in Texas due to his appealing personal attributes and his solid campaign.

In 1966, Bush ran for the United States House of Representatives in Texas's 7th congressional district, a newly redistricted seat in the Greater Houston area. Initial polls showed him trailing his Democratic rival, Harris County District Attorney Frank Briscoe, but he eventually won the election with 56%. In an attempt to woo prospective candidates in the South and Southwest, House Republicans have gained Bush's appointment to the influential United States House Committee on Ways and Means, making him the first freshman to serve on the commission since 1904. His voting record in the House was generally in favor of Republicans. He supported the Nixon administration's Vietnam policies but disagreed with Republicans on the issue of birth control, which he supports. Although his party was generally unpopular in his territory, he voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Bush joined many other Republicans in issuing the party's Reaction to the State of the Union address in 1968; Bush's portion of the address emphasized a call for fiscal responsibility.

Despite the fact that most other Texas Republicans endorsed Ronald Reagan in the 1968 Republican presidential primaries, Bush endorsed Richard Nixon, who went on to win the party's nomination. In the 1968 presidential race, Nixon considered selecting Bush as his running mate, but instead he chose Spiro Agnew. Bush gained re-election to the House of Commons unopposed, while Nixon defeated Hubert Humphrey in the presidential race. Bush resigned from office in 1970 to run for the Senate against Yarborough, with President Nixon's help. Bush won the Republican primary easily, but Yarborough was defeated by more radical Lloyd Bentsen in the Democratic primary. With 53.5 percent of the vote, Bentsen defeated Bush in the end.

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