Francisco de Goya

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Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (30 March 1746 – 18 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. * He is regarded as the best Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, as well as his long career as a commentator and chronicler of his time. Goya has been both the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns, according to him, who was extremely successful in his lifetime. * He was also one of the greatest portraitists of his time. Goya was born in 1746, in Fuentetodos, Aragon, to a lower middle class family. * He started studying art at the age of 14 under José Luzán y Martinez and then migrated to Madrid to study with Anton Raphael Mengs. Josefa Bayeu was born in 1773; their life was characterized by an almost continuous sequence of pregnancies and miscarriages, and only one child, a boy, survived into adulthood. Goya became a court painter to the Spanish Crown in 1786, and portraits of the Spanish aristocracy and king, as well as Rococo style tapestry cartoons made for the royal palace are a part of his career. He was guarded, and although letters and journals survive, little is known about his thoughts. * He had a severe and undiagnosed disease in 1793, leaving him deaf, and his work became more difficult and pessimistic. * His later easel and mural paintings, prints, and drawings seem to reflect a bleak outlook on personal, socioeconomic, and political levels, as well as comparison with his social aspirations. * He was elected Director of the Royal Academy in 1795, the year Manuel Godoy signed an unfavorable deal with France. Goya was first ranked Primer Pintor de Cámara in 1799, the highest rank for a Spanish court painter. * He completed his La maja desnuda, a remarkable nude at the time and distinctly indebted to Diego Velázquez in the late 1790s, commissioned by Godoy. * He painted Charles IV of Spain and His Families in 1801, influenced by Velázquez. Napoleon led the French army in the Peninsular War against Spain in 1807. Goya stayed in Madrid during the war, which appears to have greatly affected him. * Although he did not vocalize his opinions in public, they can be inferred from his Disasters of War series of prints (although published 35 years after his death) and his 1808 and The Third of May 1808. * The Caprichos and Los Dispartes etching series, as well as a large number of paintings concerned with insanity, mental and physical wellbeing, are among his mid-period's concerns. His late period, 1819--1823, came alive with the Black Paintings of 1819 to 1823, where the Quinta del Sordo (House of the Deaf Man), where disillusioned by political and social changes in Spain, lived in near poverty. Goya and his much younger maid and companion, Leocadia Weiss, may have left Spain in 1824 to retire to Bordeaux, France, where he may or may not have been his lover. * He made his La Tauromaque series as well as a few other, large canvases. He died on April 18, 1828, aged 82, after a stroke left him paraphrased on his right side, suffering from poor eyesight, and a lack of painting supplies. * In Madrid's Real Ermita de San Antonio de la Florida, his body was later recovered. The skull was missing, a point that the Spanish consul immediately told his superiors in Madrid, who wired back, "Send Goya, with or without head."