Daniel Carroll

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Daniel Carroll (July 22, 1730 – May 7, 1796) was an American politician and plantation owner from Maryland who was named as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

He favored the American Revolution, served in Confederation Congress, and was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, which established the Constitution, and served as a US Representative in the First Congress.

Daniel Carroll was one of five men to sign both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.

He was one of the few Roman Catholics among the Founders.

Early life

Carroll was born on July 22, 1730, in Marlborough Town, Maryland. Daniel Carroll (c.1696 - 1751), and Eleanor Darnall Carroll (1703 - 1796) were both his sons. Darnall's Chance, a 27,000-acre plantation that his mother inherited from her grandfather, was his father's favorite. Carroll was sent to the United States for his education. He studied at the College of St. Omer in France between 1742 and 1748, which was responsible for the formation of English Catholics. Then returned home and sailed into Eleanor Carroll, presumably a first cousin whose grandparents were Daniel O'Caroll and Dorothy Kennedy of Ireland, after a tour of Europe.

John was the first Roman Catholic bishop in the United States (as Bishop of Baltimore, 1790) and founder of Georgetown University,; his cousin Charles Carroll of Carrollton signed the Declaration of Independence.

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Career

Carroll joined the Patriot movement in the 1770s. He was initially worried that the Revolution would fail economically and bring about his family's financial ruin and mob rule as a slaveholder and large landowner.

Maryland, although Catholic-founded, had passed legislation prohibiting Roman Catholics from serving public office at the time. These laws were nullified as Maryland declared its independence from the Crown and introduced its first constitution. Carroll was elected to the Maryland Senate in 1777–1781. He was instrumental in raising troops and funds for the American cause as a state senator. His participation in the Revolutionary War, as well as other Patriots in his extended family's, was inspired by the family's motto, "Strong in Faith and War."

He led the attempt to prohibit the State Assembly from ratifying the Articles of Confederation until the states with western land claims (which Maryland did not) denied the allegations to Congress. Carroll resigned from office only after Virginia relinquished its claims on property north of the Ohio River to Congress, and Maryland became the thirteenth and final state to ratify the Articles on February 2, 1781.

Political career

Following the convention, Carroll continued to be involved in state and national affairs. He was a key protagonist in the 1787-1788 Maryland ratification war. In the "Maryland Journal," he defended the Constitution, most notably in reaction to the arguments advanced by well-known Anti-Federalist and Patriot delegate Samuel Chase. Carroll was elected as a representative ("congressman") to the Sixth congressional District of Maryland, the First Congress of 1789, after ratification was achieved in Maryland. Given his concern for economic and fiscal stability, he voted for the assumption of state debts accumulated during the war for the federal government to create a new sense of fiscal stability and increased public debts as suggested by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton as part of a "grand bargain" with Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson for Northerners to promote the location of the new national capital along the Potomac River.

Carroll, one of three commissioners appointed to survey the newly designated District of Columbia and purchase property for the new federal capital in the District, was related to two major landowners, his brother-in-law Notley Young, and nephew Daniel Carroll of Duddington. The United States Capitol was built on a wooded hill owned by his nephew. On April 15, 1791, one of his first official duties as commissioner, he and fellow commissioner David Stuart of Virginia laid the foundation for the construction of the District at Jones Point, on the south bank of the Potomac near Alexandria, Virginia, before being stationed in Virginia. He served as a commissioner until 1795, but he resigned due to poor health.

He was later elected to the Maryland Senate. He had many interests in his state and area, including the "Patowmack Company," which was attempting to lay a Patowmack Canal to the west. Since George Washington's western explorations and military campaigns against the French, this has been a long-running program. This was before the study and construction of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which took place thirty years ago.

Carroll died on May 7, 1796, at the age of 65, at his home in the new neighborhood of Forest Glen, Maryland. Carroll's body was buried in Saint John's Evangelist Catholic Church Cemetery.

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