Che Guevara

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Ernesto "Che" Guevara ( (CHAY g?-VAH-r?

Guevara, a leading figure of the Cuban Revolution, has remained a ubiquitous countercultural icon of revolt and global insignia in popular culture and has been radicalized by hunger, hunger, and disease he encountered.

His burgeoning desire to help reverse Latin America's imperialization by the US inspired him to assist Guatemala's social changes under President Jacobo rbenz, whose eventual CIA-assisted overthrowrowning solidified Guevara's political ideology.

Later in Mexico City, Guevara, Ral and Fidel Castro, joined the 26th of July Movement in July and sailed to Cuba aboard the yacht Granma with the intention of deposing Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista, which was based in the United States.

Guevara rose to prominence among the rebels quickly after the Cuban Revolution and was credited as second in command and played a vital role in the unpopular two-year government's triumphant two-year war.

These included investigating the appeals and firing squads for those detained during the revolutionary courts, establishing agrarian land reform as minister of industry, leading a successful national literacy campaign, as well as traveling the globe as a diplomat for Cuban socialism.

Early life

Ernesto Guevara was born in Rosario, Argentina, to Ernesto Guevara Lynch and Celia de la Serna y Llosa on June 14, 1928. Despite the fact that his birth certificate bore the word "Ernesto Guevara," his name does appear on his birth certificate with the words "de la Serna" and/or "Lynch" accompanying it. He was the eldest of five children in an upper-class Argentine family of pre-independence migrants Basque, Spanish (Cantabrian), and Irish descent. Luis Mara Perso, a prominent Spanish landowner in colonial California, and Patrick Lynch, who immigrated from Ireland to the Ro de la Plata governorate, were two of Guevara's most notable 18th century ancestors. "The first thing to note is that the blood of the Irish rebels flowed in my son's veins," referring to Che's "restless" temperament.

Ernestito (as he was then called) developed a "affinity for the poor" early in life. Guevara was introduced to a number of political viewpoints as a youth growing up in a family with leftist leanings. Veteran veterans of the war in Guevara will be housed by his father, a steadfast supporter of Republicans from the Spanish Civil War.

Despite numerous bouts of acute asthma that were to plague him throughout his life, he excelled as an athlete, enjoying swimming, football, golf, and shooting, as well as becoming a "untiring" cyclist. He was an avid rugby unionist and played in fly-half for Club Universitario de Buenos Aires. For his bruising style of play, his rugby earned him the nickname "Fuser"—a diminution of El Furibundo (furious) and his mother's surname, de la Serna.

Guevara learned chess from his father and began playing in local tournaments by the age of 12. He loved poetry, especially those of Pablo Neruda, John Keats, Antonio Machado, Federico Garca, César Vallejo, and Walt Whitman throughout his life. He could even recite Rudyard Kipling's If—and José Hernández's Martn Fierro by heart. Guevara's house held more than 3,000 books, allowing Guevara to be a passionate and eclectic reader, with passions including Karl Marx, William Faulkner, André Gide, Emilio Salgari, and Jules Verne. In addition, he loved Jawaharlal Nehru, Franz Kafka, Albert Camus, Vladimir Lenin, and Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as Anatole France, Friedrich Engels, H. G. Wells, and Robert Frost.

He became interested in Latin American writers Horacio Quiroga, Ciro Alegra, Jorge Icaza, Rubén Daro, and Miguel Asturias as he aged. Many of these authors' books were cataloged in his own handwritten notebooks of terms, acronyms, and philosophical theories of influential intellectuals. These included writing analytical sketches of Buddha and Aristotle, along with analyzing Bertrand Russell on love and patriotism, Jack London on politics, and Nietzsche on the possibility of death. Freud's thoughts fascinated him as he quoted him on a variety of topics, from dreams and libido to narcissism and the Oedipus complex. Philosophy, mathematics, engineering, political science, sociology, and archaeology were among his favorite subjects in school. Guevara's academic passions and intelligence were highlighted in a CIA "biographical and personality report" that was dated 13 February 1958 and declassified decades later, while adding that "Che is very academic for a Latino."

Guevara studied medicine at the University of Buenos Aires in 1948. His "hunger to explore the world" led him to intersperse his academic pursuits with two long introspective journeys that fundamentally changed the way he thought about himself and Latin America's current economic conditions. In 1950, the first expedition, which was a 4,500-kilometer (2,800 mi) solo ride through northern Argentina's rural provinces, on which he had installed a small engine. Guevara spent six months as a nurse at sea on Argentina's merchant marine freighters and oil tankers. In 1951, he did his second expedition, a nine-month, 8,000-mile (5,000-mile) continental motorcycle ride through a small South America. Alberto Granado, the former's scholar, went from his studies to volunteering at the San Pablo leper colony in Peru on the banks of the Amazon River.

Guevara, Chile, was enraged by the miners' working conditions at Anaconda's Chuquicamata copper mine, and tagged them as "the shivering flesh-and-blood victims of capitalist exploitation." On the way to Machu Picchu, he was struck by the cruel poverty of the remote rural areas, where peasant farmers tended to small plots of land owned by wealthy landlords. Guevara was particularly struck by the camaraderie of a leper colony later on his journey, saying, "The best forms of human cooperation and loyalty emerge among those disadvantaged and impoverished individuals." Guevara wrote an account on the trip (not published until 1995), titled The Motorcycle Diaries, which later became a New York Times top seller, and was adapted into a 2004 film of the same name.

Guevara spent 20 days in Argentina, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Panama, and Panama before returning home to Buenos Aires. He came to see Latin America not as a collection of nations but as a single entity in need of a continent-wide liberation initiative by the end of the trip. His idea of a borderless, united Hispanic America with a common Latino heritage was a theme that resurfaced often during his later revolutionary activities. He continued his studies and obtained his medical degree in June 1953 when returning to Argentina.

Guevara said later that he came in "close contact with poverty, hunger, and disease" while a father's "inability to care for a child because of a lack of funds" and "stupefaction that causes a father to "accept the death of a son as an unimportant event." Guevara cited these experiences as convincing him that "I help these people"; he had to leave medicine and enter the political arena of war.

Early political activity

Guevara set out again on July 7, 1953, this time to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras, and El Salvador. Guevara sent an update to his aunt Beatriz from San José, Costa Rica, on December 10, 1953, before heading to Guatemala. Guevara addresses the company's dominion of the United Fruit Company, a trip that led him to the conclusion that the company's capitalist system was ineffective to the average person. Guevara promised to rely on an image of the then-recently deceased Joseph Stalin, not to rest until these "octopuses are vanquished." Guevara arrived in Guatemala later this month, where President Jacobo rbenz led a democratically elected government that was trying to abolish the latifundia agricultural system by land reform and other measures. President rbenz initiated a massive land reform initiative, where all uncultivated portions of large land holdings were to be appropriated and redistributed to landless peasants. The United Fruit Company, the country's biggest land owner and one most affected by the reforms, had already taken over 225,000 acres (91,000 ha) of uncultivated property by the rbenz government. Guevara decided to "perfect himself and do whatever is necessary in order to be a true pioneer" in Guatemala, given the country's changing direction.

Hilda Gadea Acosta, a Peruvian economist who was politically active as a member of the Peruvian Revolucionaria Americana, was in Guatemala City, Guatemala (APRA). Guevara was introduced by Guevara to a number of high-level officials in the rbenz administration. Guevara established contact with a group of Cuban exiles linked to Fidel Castro after the 26th of July 1953 assault on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago, Cuba. He earned his nickname during this period due to his regular use of the Argentine filler word che (a multi-purpose discourse marker similar to the syllable "eh" in Canadian English). Guevara was hosted by other Central American exiles, one of whom, Helena Leiva de Holst, provided her with food and shelter while Guevara was in Guatemala, and Guevara dedicated a poem to "Invitación al camino."

A ship carrying infantry and light artillery arms was sent by communist Czechoslovakia to Puerto Barrios in May 1954. As a result, the US government, which had been ordered by President Eisenhower to ban rbenz from office by radio and airdropped leaflets, replied by saturating Guatemala with anti-rbenz propaganda, and launched bombing raids using unmarked planes. In addition, the US sponsored a small army of hundreds of anti-rbenz Guatemalan refugees and mercenaries led by Carlos Castillo Armas to help remove the rbenz government from office. rbenz resigned on the 27th of June, the first time on the planet. Armas and his CIA-backed forces were able to march into Guatemala City and establish a military junta, which proclaimed Armas as President on July 7th. The Armas regime restored power by rounding up and killing suspect communists, while still destroying the once flourishing labour unions and reversing the previous agrarian reforms.

Guevara was eager to fight for rbenz and had joined a communist militia established for that purpose. Guevara returned to medical service immediately after being dissatisfied with the company's inaction. Following the coup, he volunteered to fight again, but he fled into the Mexican embassy and told his foreign supporters to leave the country shortly after. Supporters of the coup had repeatedly called on Guevara to resist, but he had been jailed for murder. Guevara sought cover inside the Argentine consulate, where he stayed until he obtained a safe-conduct permit and migrated to Mexico after Gadea was arrested.

Guevara's view of the US as an imperialist power that sought to redress the socioeconomic disgrace endemic to Latin America and other developing nations was solidified by the overthrowding of the rbenz regime and the emergence of the right-wing Armas dictatorship. Guevara said in a letter about the coup: "I'm sorry for the coup": "I'm not sure about it."

Guevara's conviction boosted the suspicion that Marxism, a result of civil war and defended by an armed population, was the only way to fix such conditions. "It was Guatemala that finally convinced him of the absolute necessity of a war and of opposing imperialism," Gadea wrote later. He was positive of this by the time he left.

Guevara arrived in Mexico City on September 21, 1954, and spent time in the General Hospital's allergy section and at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico. In addition, he taught medicine at the Faculty of Medicine at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and spent as a news photographer for Latina News Agency. Guevara considered working as a doctor in Africa for a while, but he became deeply distraught by the poverty surrounding him, according to his first wife, Hilda. Hilda recounts Guevara's obsession with an elderly washerwoman whom he was treating, remarking that she was "representative of the most forgotten and exploited class." Hilda discovered a poem by Che that promised to a happier world and a better life for all the poor and exploited people."

During this period, he revived his acquaintance with ico López and the other Cuban exiles who had been exiles from Guatemala. López introduced him to Ral Castro, who then introduced him to his older brother, Fidel Castro, who had founded the 26th of July Movement and was now plotting to overthrowrown Fulgencio Batista. Guevara concluded that the Cuban cause was the one for which he had been looking, and that before daybreak he had registered as a member of the 26 July Movement. Despite their "contrasting personalities," from this point on Che and Fidel, Simon Reid-Henry's introduction to what could be described as a "revolutionary friendship that will change the world" as a result of their coinciding dedication to anti-imperialism.

He believed that US-controlled conglomerates had installed and promoted repressive regimes around the world at this point in Guevara's life. He regarded Batista as a "U.S. puppet whose strings needed to be cut." Guevara attended the military training with the Movement's members despite that he intended to be the organization's combat medic. The main part of preparation involved learning how to use guerrilla tactics. Guevara and the others underwent arduous 15-hour marches over mountains, across rivers, and through the dense undergrowth, learning and perfecting the techniques of ambush and quick retreat. Guevara was instructor Alberto Bayo's "prize student" among those in preparation, scoring the highest on all of the assessments given. By GC Bayo, he was dubbed "the greatest guerrilla of them all" at the end of the course.

Guevara first married Gadea in Mexico in September 1955 before embarking on his mission to help with Cuba's liberation.

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