Anne Frank

At 15 years old, Anne Frank has this physical status:

Annelies Marie "Anne" Frank (born in the Netherlands-Jewish diarist) has died.

She gained notoriety in the aftermath of World War II's German occupied Jewish victims of the Holocaust. She rose to prominence after the publication of The Diary of a Young Girl (originally Het Achterhuis in Dutch; English: The Secret Annex), in which she reveals her life in hiding from 1942 to 1944.

It is one of the world's best-known books and has influenced several plays and films. Born in Frankfurt, Germany, she spent the majority of her life in or near Amsterdam, Netherlands, after moving there with her family at the age of four and a half as the Nazis regained power over Germany.

Born a German national, she lost her citizenship in 1941 and became stateless.

The Franks were stranded in Amsterdam by the German occupation of the Netherlands in May 1940.

The Franks went into hiding in some buried rooms behind a bookcase in the building where Anne's father, Otto Frank, lived as persecutions of the Jewish people escalated in July 1942.

She kept a notebook she had received as a birthday gift from the Gestapo to August 1944 and wrote in it often.

Following their capture, the Franks were taken to concentration camps.

Anne and her sister, Margot, were moved from Auschwitz to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they died (probably of typhus) a few months later.

They were originally expected to have died in March by the Red Cross, with Dutch authorities setting 31 March as their official date of death, but Anne Frank's study in 2015 shows that it was more likely that they died in February.

It was translated from its original Dutch version and first published in English in 1952 as The Diary of a Young Girl, and has since been translated into over 60 languages.

Early life

Anneliese Frank, née Hobart, Frank, was born in Frankfurt, Germany, on June 12th, 1929, Frank was born Anneliese Marie Frank to Edith (née Holländer) and Otto Heinrich Frank. Margot, her older sister, was a child. The Franks were liberal Jews, but they did not follow any of Judaism's customs and traditions. They lived in an assimilated congregation of Jewish and non-Jewish people of various faiths. Edith and Otto were dedicated parents who were interested in academic pursuits and had a large library; both parents encouraged their children to read. The family lived in a house on Marbachweg 307 in Frankfurt-Dornbusch, where they rented two floors at the time of Anne's birth. In 1931, the family migrated to Ganghoferstrasse 24 in Dornbusch's fashionable liberal suburb of Dichterviertel (Poets' Quarter). Both houses are still exist.

Edith Frank and the children stayed with Edith Frank and the children in Aachen after Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party won the federal election and Hitler was named Chancellor of the Reich. Otto Frank lived in Frankfurt, but after being invited to start a company in Amsterdam, he moved there to organise the company and find housing for his families. He began working at Opekta Works, a fruit extract pectin manufacturer. Edith travelled back and forth between Aachen and Amsterdam, finding an apartment on the Merwede square in the Rivierenbuurt neighborhood of Amsterdam, where many more Jewish-German refugees settled. Edith Margot arrived in Amsterdam in November 1933, following her husband, and a month later, Margot and her husband arrived in Amsterdam. Anne stayed with her grandmother until February, when the family reunited in Amsterdam. The Franks were among 300,000 Jews who fled Germany between 1933 and 1939.

Anne and Margot Frank were both enrolled in school after moving to Amsterdam; Margot in public school and Anne in the 6th Montessori School. Despite initial difficulties with the Dutch language, Margot became a well-known student in Amsterdam. Anne soon felt at home at the Montessori school and met children of her own age, such as Hanneli Goslar, who would later become one of her best friends.

Otto Frank founded Pectacon, a wholesaler of herbs, pickling salts, and mixed spices used in sausage making in 1938. Pectacon employed Hermann van Pels as an aroma advisor. He and his family had left Osnabrück, butcher and butcher David Cohen had left Osnabrück. Edith Frank's mother came to live with the Franks in 1939 and continued with them until her death in January 1942.

Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940, and the occupation government began to persecute Jews by the introduction of tighter and discriminatory legislation; compulsory registration and segregation followed soon after. Otto Frank tried to convince the family to immigrate to the United States, the only place that seemed to be safe—but Frank's request for a visa was never accepted because the US consulate in Rotterdam was destroyed in the German bombing on May 14, 1940, resulting in the loss of all the paperwork, including the family's visa application.

Anne learned that she would no longer be able to attend the Montessori School after the summer holidays in 1941 because Jewish children were required to attend Jewish schools. Anne, along with her sister Margot, went to the Jewish Lyceum, Amsterdam's sole Jewish secondary school, which opened in September 1941.

Deportation and life in captivity

The passengers were escorted from Westerbork to the Auschwitz concentration camp on September 3rd, and arrived after a three-day journey; Bloeme Evers-Emden, a Manhattan immigrant who had befriended Margot and Anne in the Jewish Lyceum in 1941, was arrested on September 3rd. Bloeme saw Anne, Margot, and their mother in Auschwitz regularly, and she was interviewed for her remembrances of the Frank women in Anne Frank's television series The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank (1988) by Dutch filmmaker Willy Lindwer (1995) (1995).

The SS separated the male and children from the women and children on arrival in Auschwitz, and Otto Frank was separated from his family. Many who were deemed fit to work were accepted into the program, but those who were deemed unsafe for work were immediately dismissed. The gas chambers received 1,019 passengers, 549, including all children under the age of 15 years old. Anne Frank, who had turned 15 three months earlier, was one of the few people not to be rescued from her ride. On arrival, she was alerted that the majority of people were emoformed, but that no one from the Achterhuis had been notified that the entire group was not chosen. She argued that her father, who was in his mid-fifties and not particularly robust, was killed straight after they were separated.

Frank was forced to strip naked to be disinfected, had her head shaved, and was tattooed with an identifying number on her arm, with the other women and girls not selected for immediate death. By day, the women were used as slave labour and Frank was coerced to dig rolls of sod; by night, they were crammed into overcrowded barracks. Some witnesses later testified Frank became withdrawn and tearful when she saw children led to the gas chambers; others said she bore power and courage more often. Her gregarious and positive demeanor enabled her to obtain extra bread for her mother, sister, and herself. Frank's skin had been terribly affected by scabies before long. The Frank sisters were moved to an infirmary that was in constant darkness and contaminated with rats and mice. Edith Frank stopped eating, storing every morsel of food for her children and then offering her rations to them through a hole she made at the bottom of the infirmary wall.

The Frank women were supposed to embark on a bus in Lower Silesia in October 1944. Bloeme Evers-Emden had intended to ride the train, but Anne was refused to travel because she had scabies, and her mother and sister decided to stay with her. Bloeme continued without them.

On October 28, women's selections began for women who would be relocated to Bergen-Belsen. More than 8,000 people were transported, including Anne and Margot Frank and Auguste van Pels. Edith Frank was left homeless and died of starvation and pneumonia. Tents were erected in Bergen-Belsen to handle the influx of prisoners, and as the population increased, the death toll due to disease soared quickly.

Anne Frank was briefly reunited with two others, Hanneli Goslar and Nanette Blitz, who were also confined in the camp for a brief period. Blitz had been transferred from the Sternlager to the same section of the camp as Frank on December 5, 1944, when Goslar had been detained in the Sternlager since February 1944. Both women survived the war and later discussed their conversations with Frank, Blitz, in person and Goslar through a wire fence. Anne was bald, emaciated, and shivering, according to Blitz, "[The] surprise of seeing her in this emaciated state was indescribable." When the war came, Anne told her she wished to write a book based on the diary. Auguste van Pels, a teenage girl who was too young to see Margot, was caring for her Margot, who was seriously ill, according to Blitz, who admitted she met with both of the Frank sisters. Anne told Blitz and Goslar that she felt her parents were dead, and that for that reason she did not live any longer. Goslar's meetings were later determined to have occurred in late January or early February 1945.

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