Andre Norton

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Andre Alice Norton (born Alice Mary Norton, February 17, 1912 – March 17, 2005) was an American writer of science fiction and fantasy, who also wrote works of historical fiction and contemporary fiction.

She wrote primarily under the pen name Andre Norton, but also under Andrew North and Allen Weston.

She was the first woman to be Gandalf Grand Master of Fantasy, first woman to be SFWA Grand Master, and first inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame.

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Biography and career

Alice Mary Norton was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1912. Adalbert Freely Norton, who owned a rug business, and Bertha Stemm Norton were her parents. Alice began writing at Collinwood High School in Cleveland, under the tutelage of Sylvia Cochrane. She was the editor of a literary page in the school's newspaper, The Collinwood Spotlight, for which she wrote short stories. She wrote Ralestone Luck, her first book at this time, which was eventually published as her second book in 1938.

Norton planned to become a tutor after graduating from high school in 1930 and starting at Western Reserve University's Flora Stone Mather College. However, in 1932, she had to leave due to the Depression and began working for the Cleveland Library System, later in the children's section of the Nottingham Branch Library in Cleveland, where she spent 18 years. In a 1996 interview, she recalled defending J. R. Tolkien's purchase of The Hobbit for the library. In 1934, she legally changed her name to Andre Alice Norton, a pen name she had adopted for her first book, which was released later that year, to raise her marketability, since boys were the main target for fantasy.

She worked as a special librarian in the Library of Congress' cataloging branch from 1940 to 1941. She was participating in an initiative relating to alien citizenship that was then abruptly ended as a result of the US's entry into World War II. In 1941, she purchased Mystery House in Mount Rainier, Maryland, the eastern neighbor of Washington, D.C. The company failed, and she returned to the Cleveland Public Library in 1950, when she retired due to ill health. She then began working as a reader for publisher-editor Martin Greenberg at Gnome Press, a small press in New York City that concentrated on science fiction. She lived until 1958, when she first appeared in 21 novels, making her a full-time professional writer.

When Norton's health worsened, she moved to Winter Park, Florida, where she remained until 1997. She moved to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in 1997, and was in need of hospice care from February 21, 2005. She died at home on March 17, 2005, from congestive heart disease.

The Prince Commands, Michael Karl's first book, with drawings by Kate Seredy, was published in 1934 by the D. Appleton–Centure Company, after she was named by the US Library of Congress as "André Norton." She went on to write several historical books for the youth (now called "young adult") market.

"The People of the Crater," Norton's first published science fiction, appeared under the title "Andrew North" as page 4–18 of the inaugural 1947 issue of Fantasy Book, a publication owned by Fantasy Publishing Company, Inc. Huon of the Horn, Harcourt Brace's first fantasy book, based on the 13th-century tale of Huon, Duke of Bordeaux. Star Man's Son, 2250 A.D., was her first science fiction book, and it came from Harcourt in 1952. She became a prolific novelist in the 1950s, with several of her books aimed at the teenage market, many of which were published in their original hardcover editions.

Kirkus had read 16 of her books by the time she became a full-time journalist in 1958, and four of them had starred reviews. Her four starred reviews to 1957 included three historical adventure books:Follow the Drum (1942), Scarface (1948), Yankee Privateer (1955)—and one cold war adventure, At Swords' Points (1954). Since being a child in 1966, she has received four starred reviews, three of which were for science fiction.

In 1964 for the book Witch World and in 1967 for the novel "Wizard's World." She was nominated three times for the World Fantasy Award for lifetime achievement, winning the award in 1998. Norton has received numerous other prestigious accolades as well as regular inclusion in the Locus annual "best of year" polls.

She was a founding member of the Swordsmen and Sorcerers' Guild of America (SAGA), a loose group of heroic fantasy authors formed in the 1960s, led by Lin Carter, with a solely based on fantasy credentials. Norton was the only female among the original eight members. In Lin Carter's Flashing Swords, some of SAGA members' works were published! Anthologies are among the anthologies.

Gary Gygax, a 1976 graduate of Norton, invited Norton to compete Dungeons & Dragons in his Greyhawk tradition. Quag Keep, which involved a group of people who migrate from the real world to Greyhawk, was later written by Norton. According to Alternative Worlds, it was the first book to be based on D&D, at least partially set in the Greyhawk setting, and it was the first book to be based on D&D. In Issue 12 of The Dragon (February 1978), Quag Keeper was excerpted right before the book's publication. When Norton died, she and Jean Rabe were collaborating on a Quag Keeper's sequel. In January 2006, Rabe and Tor Books published Return to Quag Keep.

On April 1, 2005, she published Three Hands for Scorpio, her last fully published book. Tor is a member of Quag Keeper. She has written two more books with Norton and Rabe, including Dragon Mage (November 2006) and Taste of Magic (January 2008).

Norton's more than a dozen speculative fiction books were published, but her longest, and longest-running project was "Witch World," which began with the novel Witch World in 1963. Ace Books paperback originals were published from 1963 to 1968. The bulk of the books in the series were first published in hardcover editions in the 1970s. Some of the stories were written by Norton and a coauthor, while others were anthologies of short fiction for which she was editor. (Witch World became a shared universe). All in all, there were hundreds of books in the collection.

Sasha Miller wrote The Cycle of Oak, Yew, Ash, and Rowan, To the King a Daughter, Knight or Knave, A Crown Disowned, Dragon Blade, and Knight of the Red Beard. "To my late collaborator, Andre Norton, whose vision inspired the NordornLand cycle," the fifth and final book was dedicated. (NordornLand cycle) is another cycle's term.)

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